diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 8d261f3f..1ad43e98 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ set(VERSION_STRING "${VERSION_YEAR}.${VERSION_MONTH}.${VERSION_DAY}")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 
 file(GLOB HEADERS "*.h"
+"DevConsole/*.h"
 "Console/*.h"
 "McZapkie/*.h"
 "gl/*.h"
@@ -200,6 +201,8 @@ set(SOURCES
 "network/manager.cpp"
 "network/backend/asio.cpp"
 
+"DevConsole/devconsole.cpp"
+
 "widgets/vehiclelist.cpp"
 "widgets/map.cpp"
 "widgets/map_objects.cpp"
@@ -410,7 +413,25 @@ configure_file(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/eu07.rc.in
 
 if (${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID} STREQUAL MSVC)
     set(SOURCES ${SOURCES} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/eu07.rc)
-    set(SOURCES ${SOURCES} eu07.ico)
+    set(SOURCES ${SOURCES} eu07.ico
+			entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.h
+			entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.cpp
+			entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.h)
     add_compile_options("/utf-8")
 endif()
 
diff --git a/DevConsole/devconsole.cpp b/DevConsole/devconsole.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdc25b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DevConsole/devconsole.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/*
+This Source Code Form is subject to the
+terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
+2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
+distributed with this file, You can
+obtain one at
+http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+*/
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "DevConsole/devconsole.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+
+#include "utilities/Globals.h"
+#include "utilities/Logs.h"
+
+namespace dev {
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global singleton
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+console_panel Console;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// helpers
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+static std::string str_tolower(std::string s)
+{
+    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
+    return s;
+}
+
+// Tokenise a command line. Handles "quoted tokens" as a single arg.
+static args_t tokenise(const std::string &line)
+{
+    args_t tokens;
+    std::istringstream ss(line);
+    std::string tok;
+    while (ss >> std::quoted(tok))
+        tokens.push_back(tok);
+    return tokens;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// console_panel
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+console_panel::console_panel()
+    : ui_panel("DevConsole", false)
+{
+    title = "Developer Console";
+
+    register_builtins();
+}
+
+void console_panel::register_builtins()
+{
+    register_command("help", "List all commands, or describe one: help [command]",
+        [this](const args_t &args) {
+            if (args.size() >= 2) {
+                auto it = m_commands.find(str_tolower(args[1]));
+                if (it == m_commands.end()) {
+                    print_error("Unknown command: " + args[1]);
+                } else {
+                    print_ok(it->second.name + " — " + it->second.description);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            print_info("Available commands:");
+            std::vector<std::string> names;
+            names.reserve(m_commands.size());
+            for (auto &kv : m_commands)
+                names.push_back(kv.first);
+            std::sort(names.begin(), names.end());
+            for (auto &n : names) {
+                std::string line = "  " + n;
+                auto desc = m_commands[n].description;
+                if (!desc.empty())
+                    line += " — " + desc;
+                print(line);
+            }
+        });
+
+    register_command("clear", "Clear the console output",
+        [this](const args_t &) {
+            m_log.clear();
+        });
+
+    register_command("ping", "Responds with pong",
+        [this](const args_t &) {
+            print_ok("pong");
+        });
+
+    register_command("echo", "Print arguments back: echo [text...]",
+        [this](const args_t &args) {
+            std::string msg;
+            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+                if (i > 1) msg += ' ';
+                msg += args[i];
+            }
+            print(msg);
+        });
+
+    register_command("history", "Show command history",
+        [this](const args_t &) {
+            if (m_history.empty()) {
+                print_info("(history is empty)");
+                return;
+            }
+            int idx = 0;
+            for (auto &h : m_history)
+                print("  " + std::to_string(idx++) + ": " + h);
+        });
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+void console_panel::register_command(std::string name, std::string description,
+                                     command_handler_t handler)
+{
+    std::string key = str_tolower(name);
+    m_commands[key] = console_command{ std::move(name), std::move(description),
+                                        std::move(handler) };
+}
+
+void console_panel::print(const std::string &text, glm::vec4 color)
+{
+    // Split multi-line strings into separate entries
+    std::istringstream ss(text);
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(ss, line))
+        m_log.push_back({ line, color });
+
+    while (m_log.size() > MAX_LOG)
+        m_log.pop_front();
+
+    m_scroll_to_bottom = true;
+}
+
+void console_panel::print_info(const std::string &text)
+{
+    print("[info] " + text, { 0.6f, 0.8f, 1.0f, 1.0f });
+}
+
+void console_panel::print_ok(const std::string &text)
+{
+    print("[ok] " + text, { 0.42f, 0.80f, 0.23f, 1.0f });
+}
+
+void console_panel::print_error(const std::string &text)
+{
+    print("[error] " + text, { 1.0f, 0.35f, 0.35f, 1.0f });
+}
+
+void console_panel::print_warn(const std::string &text)
+{
+    print("[warn] " + text, { 1.0f, 0.80f, 0.20f, 1.0f });
+}
+
+void console_panel::execute(const std::string &input)
+{
+    std::string trimmed = input;
+    // ltrim / rtrim
+    trimmed.erase(0, trimmed.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n"));
+    trimmed.erase(trimmed.find_last_not_of(" \t\r\n") + 1);
+
+    if (trimmed.empty())
+        return;
+
+    // Echo the input
+    print("> " + trimmed, { 0.42f, 0.64f, 0.23f, 1.0f });
+
+    // Save to history (no duplicates at the end)
+    if (m_history.empty() || m_history.back() != trimmed)
+        m_history.push_back(trimmed);
+    if (m_history.size() > MAX_HIST)
+        m_history.pop_front();
+    m_history_pos = -1;
+
+    auto tokens = tokenise(trimmed);
+    if (tokens.empty())
+        return;
+
+    std::string cmd_name = str_tolower(tokens[0]);
+    execute_command(cmd_name, tokens);
+}
+
+void console_panel::execute_command(const std::string &name, const args_t &args)
+{
+    auto it = m_commands.find(name);
+    if (it == m_commands.end()) {
+        print_error("Unknown command '" + name + "'. Type 'help' for a list.");
+        return;
+    }
+    try {
+        it->second.handler(args);
+    }
+    catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        print_error(std::string("Exception: ") + e.what());
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> console_panel::completions_for(const std::string &prefix) const
+{
+    std::string lp = str_tolower(prefix);
+    std::vector<std::string> result;
+    for (auto &kv : m_commands)
+        if (kv.first.substr(0, lp.size()) == lp)
+            result.push_back(kv.first);
+    std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
+    return result;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ImGui InputText callback
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct CallbackUserData {
+    console_panel *self;
+    // current text in the buffer at callback time
+    std::string    completion_prefix;
+};
+
+int console_panel::input_callback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData *data)
+{
+    auto *ud = static_cast<CallbackUserData *>(data->UserData);
+    console_panel *self = ud->self;
+
+    if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion) {
+        // Collect the word being typed (last space-delimited token)
+        const char *end   = data->Buf + data->CursorPos;
+        const char *begin = end;
+        while (begin > data->Buf && *(begin - 1) != ' ')
+            --begin;
+
+        std::string prefix(begin, end);
+        auto candidates = self->completions_for(prefix);
+
+        if (candidates.empty()) {
+            // nothing
+        } else if (candidates.size() == 1) {
+            // Replace the partial token with the full match + space
+            data->DeleteChars(static_cast<int>(begin - data->Buf),
+                               static_cast<int>(end - begin));
+            data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, candidates[0].c_str());
+            data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, " ");
+        } else {
+            // Find common prefix among candidates
+            std::string common = candidates[0];
+            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < candidates.size(); ++i) {
+                std::size_t j = 0;
+                while (j < common.size() && j < candidates[i].size() &&
+                       common[j] == candidates[i][j])
+                    ++j;
+                common.resize(j);
+            }
+            if (common.size() > prefix.size()) {
+                data->DeleteChars(static_cast<int>(begin - data->Buf),
+                                   static_cast<int>(end - begin));
+                data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, common.c_str());
+            }
+            // Show all candidates
+            self->print_info("Candidates:");
+            for (auto &c : candidates)
+                self->print("  " + c);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory) {
+        const int prev_pos = self->m_history_pos;
+
+        if (data->EventKey == ImGuiKey_UpArrow) {
+            if (self->m_history_pos == -1)
+                self->m_history_pos = static_cast<int>(self->m_history.size()) - 1;
+            else if (self->m_history_pos > 0)
+                --self->m_history_pos;
+        } else if (data->EventKey == ImGuiKey_DownArrow) {
+            if (self->m_history_pos != -1) {
+                ++self->m_history_pos;
+                if (self->m_history_pos >= static_cast<int>(self->m_history.size()))
+                    self->m_history_pos = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (prev_pos != self->m_history_pos) {
+            const char *entry = (self->m_history_pos >= 0)
+                ? self->m_history[self->m_history_pos].c_str()
+                : "";
+            data->DeleteChars(0, data->BufTextLen);
+            data->InsertChars(0, entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rendering
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+void console_panel::render()
+{
+    if (!is_open)
+        return;
+
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(700, 400), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(400, 200), ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX));
+
+    auto const panelname = (title.empty() ? m_name : title) + "###" + m_name;
+    if (ImGui::Begin(panelname.c_str(), &is_open, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse))
+        render_contents();
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+void console_panel::render_contents()
+{
+    // --- Log area ---
+    const float footer_height = ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y
+                              + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing();
+    ImGui::BeginChild("console_scrolling",
+                      ImVec2(0, -footer_height),
+                      false,
+                      ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar);
+
+    ImGui::PushFont(ui_layer::font_mono);
+    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(4, 1));
+
+    for (auto &entry : m_log) {
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text,
+                              ImVec4(entry.color.r, entry.color.g,
+                                     entry.color.b, entry.color.a));
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(entry.text.c_str());
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+    }
+
+    if (m_scroll_to_bottom ||
+        ImGui::GetScrollY() >= ImGui::GetScrollMaxY())
+        ImGui::SetScrollHereY(1.0f);
+    m_scroll_to_bottom = false;
+
+    ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+    ImGui::PopFont();
+    ImGui::EndChild();
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+
+    // --- Input line ---
+    ImGui::PushFont(ui_layer::font_mono);
+
+    bool reclaim_focus = false;
+
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags input_flags =
+        ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue   |
+        ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion |
+        ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory;
+
+    CallbackUserData cbud{ this, "" };
+
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-1.0f);
+    if (ImGui::InputText("##console_input", m_input_buf, sizeof(m_input_buf),
+                         input_flags, &console_panel::input_callback, &cbud))
+    {
+        execute(m_input_buf);
+        m_input_buf[0] = '\0';
+        reclaim_focus = true;
+    }
+
+    ImGui::PopFont();
+
+    // Auto-focus the input field when the window is shown
+    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+    if (reclaim_focus || m_want_focus) {
+        ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere(-1);
+        m_want_focus = false;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace dev
diff --git a/DevConsole/devconsole.h b/DevConsole/devconsole.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..344bfa8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DevConsole/devconsole.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+This Source Code Form is subject to the
+terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
+2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
+distributed with this file, You can
+obtain one at
+http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <deque>
+
+#include "application/uilayer.h"
+
+struct ImGuiInputTextCallbackData;
+
+namespace dev {
+
+// Parsed command arguments — name of the command is args[0]
+using args_t = std::vector<std::string>;
+
+// Handler signature: receives all tokens including the command name at [0]
+using command_handler_t = std::function<void(const args_t &)>;
+
+struct console_command {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string description;
+    command_handler_t handler;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// console_panel
+//   Inherits from ui_panel. Embed as a member in any ui_layer subclass,
+//   then call add_external_panel() to register it.
+//
+//   Toggle visibility with the backtick / grave-accent key (`) handled
+//   from ui_layer::on_key().
+//
+//   Register commands from anywhere via the static global instance:
+//       dev::Console.register_command("name", "desc", handler);
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+class console_panel : public ui_panel {
+public:
+    console_panel();
+
+    void render() override;
+    void render_contents() override;
+
+    // Print a line to the console output
+    void print(const std::string &text, glm::vec4 color = {0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f});
+    void print_info(const std::string &text);
+    void print_ok(const std::string &text);
+    void print_error(const std::string &text);
+    void print_warn(const std::string &text);
+
+    // Register a new command. Duplicate names overwrite previous.
+    void register_command(std::string name, std::string description, command_handler_t handler);
+
+    // Execute a raw input string (tokenises, looks up, calls handler)
+    void execute(const std::string &input);
+
+    // Focus the input field next frame
+    void focus_input() { m_want_focus = true; }
+
+private:
+    struct log_entry {
+        std::string text;
+        glm::vec4   color;
+    };
+
+    void execute_command(const std::string &name, const args_t &args);
+    std::vector<std::string> completions_for(const std::string &prefix) const;
+
+    // ImGui InputText callback — used for history and tab-completion
+    static int input_callback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData *data);
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, console_command> m_commands;
+    std::deque<log_entry>      m_log;
+    std::deque<std::string>    m_history;   // previously executed lines
+    int                        m_history_pos { -1 }; // -1 = new input
+    char                       m_input_buf[512] {};
+    bool                       m_scroll_to_bottom { false };
+    bool                       m_want_focus { false };
+
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_LOG   = 1024;
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_HIST  = 128;
+
+    // Built-in commands registered in the constructor
+    void register_builtins();
+};
+
+// Global singleton — accessible from anywhere after the header is included
+extern console_panel Console;
+
+} // namespace dev
diff --git a/application/driveruilayer.cpp b/application/driveruilayer.cpp
index a89f19fd..9645e7a4 100644
--- a/application/driveruilayer.cpp
+++ b/application/driveruilayer.cpp
@@ -11,12 +11,17 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 #include "application/driveruilayer.h"
 
 #include "utilities/Globals.h"
+#include "utilities/utilities.h"
 #include "application/application.h"
 #include "utilities/translation.h"
 #include "simulation/simulation.h"
 #include "vehicle/Train.h"
 #include "model/AnimModel.h"
 #include "rendering/renderer.h"
+#include "DevConsole/devconsole.h"
+#include "entitysystem/ECScene.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
 
 driver_ui::driver_ui()
 {
@@ -36,6 +41,7 @@ driver_ui::driver_ui()
 	add_external_panel(&m_mappanel);
 	add_external_panel(&m_logpanel);
 	add_external_panel(&m_perfgraphpanel);
+	add_external_panel(&dev::Console);
 	add_external_panel(&m_cameraviewpanel);
 	m_logpanel.is_open = false;
 
@@ -65,6 +71,302 @@ driver_ui::driver_ui()
 		m_trainingcardpanel.is_open = true;
 		m_vehiclelist.is_open = true;
 	}
+
+	register_driver_commands();
+}
+
+void driver_ui::register_driver_commands()
+{
+	auto &con = dev::Console;
+
+	// --- UI toggles ---
+	con.register_command("debug", "Toggle debug panel",
+		[this](const dev::args_t &) {
+			m_debugpanel.is_open = !m_debugpanel.is_open;
+			dev::Console.print_ok(m_debugpanel.is_open ? "Debug panel opened" : "Debug panel closed");
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("map", "Toggle map panel",
+		[this](const dev::args_t &) {
+			m_mappanel.is_open = !m_mappanel.is_open;
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("aid", "Toggle driving-aid panel",
+		[this](const dev::args_t &) {
+			m_aidpanel.is_open = !m_aidpanel.is_open;
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("timetable", "Toggle timetable panel",
+		[this](const dev::args_t &) {
+			m_timetablepanel.is_open = !m_timetablepanel.is_open;
+		});
+
+	// --- Simulation control ---
+	con.register_command("pause", "Pause or unpause simulation",
+		[](const dev::args_t &) {
+			command_relay relay;
+			relay.post(user_command::pausetoggle, 0.0, 0.0, GLFW_PRESS, 0);
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("debugmode", "Toggle debug mode (enable/disable)",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			command_relay relay;
+			relay.post(user_command::debugtoggle, 0.0, 0.0, GLFW_RELEASE, 0);
+			dev::Console.print_ok(std::string("Debug mode: ") + (DebugModeFlag ? "on" : "off"));
+		});
+
+	// --- Weather ---
+	con.register_command("overcast", "Set overcast level: overcast <0.0-1.0>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) {
+				dev::Console.print_info("Current overcast: " + std::to_string(Global.Overcast));
+				return;
+			}
+			try {
+				float v = std::stof(args[1]);
+				v = std::max(0.0f, std::min(1.0f, v));
+				Global.Overcast = v;
+				dev::Console.print_ok("Overcast set to " + std::to_string(v));
+			} catch (...) {
+				dev::Console.print_error("Expected a float 0.0-1.0");
+			}
+		});
+
+	// --- Screenshot ---
+	con.register_command("screenshot", "Take a screenshot",
+		[](const dev::args_t &) {
+			Application.queue_screenshot();
+			dev::Console.print_ok("Screenshot queued");
+		});
+
+	// --- Log ---
+	con.register_command("log", "Enable or disable file logging: log [on|off]",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) {
+				dev::Console.print_info(std::string("File logging: ") +
+					((Global.iWriteLogEnabled & 1) ? "on" : "off"));
+				return;
+			}
+			if (args[1] == "on") {
+				Global.iWriteLogEnabled |= 1;
+				dev::Console.print_ok("File logging enabled");
+			} else if (args[1] == "off") {
+				Global.iWriteLogEnabled &= ~1;
+				dev::Console.print_ok("File logging disabled");
+			} else {
+				dev::Console.print_error("Usage: log [on|off]");
+			}
+		});
+
+	// --- ECS ---
+	con.register_command("ecs.list", "List all ECS entities (optional filter: ecs.list [name_fragment])",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			std::string filter = args.size() >= 2 ? args[1] : "";
+			int count = 0;
+			for (auto entity : world.GetEntities()) {
+				std::string name = std::to_string(static_cast<unsigned>(entity));
+				if (auto *id = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity))
+					name = id->Name.ToString();
+				if (!filter.empty() && name.find(filter) == std::string::npos)
+					continue;
+				dev::Console.print("  [" + std::to_string(static_cast<unsigned>(entity)) + "] " + name);
+				++count;
+			}
+			dev::Console.print_info("Total: " + std::to_string(count) + " entities");
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.info", "Show components of entity by name: ecs.info <name>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.info <name>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+
+			dev::Console.print_ok("Entity: " + args[1]);
+			if (auto *t = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity)) {
+				dev::Console.print("  Transform: pos=("
+					+ std::to_string(t->Position.x) + ", "
+					+ std::to_string(t->Position.y) + ", "
+					+ std::to_string(t->Position.z) + ")");
+			}
+			if (auto *v = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Velocity>(entity)) {
+				dev::Console.print("  Velocity: ("
+					+ std::to_string(v->Value.x) + ", "
+					+ std::to_string(v->Value.y) + ", "
+					+ std::to_string(v->Value.z) + ")");
+			}
+			if (world.HasComponent<ECSComponent::MeshRenderer>(entity))
+				dev::Console.print("  MeshRenderer: yes");
+			if (world.HasComponent<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(entity))
+				dev::Console.print("  ParticleEmitter: yes");
+			if (auto *id = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity))
+				dev::Console.print("  ID: " + id->Name.ToString() + " #" + std::to_string(id->Id));
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.setvel", "Set entity velocity: ecs.setvel <name> <x> <y> <z>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 5) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.setvel <name> <x> <y> <z>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+
+			try {
+				glm::vec3 vel{ std::stof(args[2]), std::stof(args[3]), std::stof(args[4]) };
+				if (auto *v = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Velocity>(entity)) {
+					v->Value = vel;
+					dev::Console.print_ok("Velocity set");
+				} else {
+					world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Velocity>(entity).Value = vel;
+					dev::Console.print_ok("Velocity component added and set");
+				}
+			} catch (...) { dev::Console.print_error("Invalid numbers"); }
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.kill", "Destroy entity by name: ecs.kill <name>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.kill <name>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+			world.DestroyEntity(entity);
+			dev::Console.print_ok("Entity destroyed: " + args[1]);
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.count", "Show total entity count in current scene",
+		[](const dev::args_t &) {
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			dev::Console.print_info("Entities: " + std::to_string(scene->World().GetEntityCount()));
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.setpos", "Teleport entity to position: ecs.setpos <name> <x> <y> <z>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 5) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.setpos <name> <x> <y> <z>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+
+			try {
+				glm::dvec3 pos{ std::stod(args[2]), std::stod(args[3]), std::stod(args[4]) };
+				if (auto *t = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity)) {
+					t->Position = pos;
+					dev::Console.print_ok("Position set: ("
+						+ args[2] + ", " + args[3] + ", " + args[4] + ")");
+				} else {
+					dev::Console.print_error("Entity has no Transform component");
+				}
+			} catch (...) { dev::Console.print_error("Invalid numbers"); }
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.spawn", "Spawn a named entity with Transform at position: ecs.spawn <name> <x> <y> <z>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 5) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.spawn <name> <x> <y> <z>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			try {
+				glm::dvec3 pos{ std::stod(args[2]), std::stod(args[3]), std::stod(args[4]) };
+				auto entity = world.CreateEntity();
+				auto &id = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity);
+				id.Name = args[1];
+				auto &t = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity);
+				t.Position = pos;
+				dev::Console.print_ok("Spawned entity '" + args[1] + "' at ("
+					+ args[2] + ", " + args[3] + ", " + args[4] + ")");
+			} catch (...) { dev::Console.print_error("Invalid position arguments"); }
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.find", "Find entities whose name contains a substring: ecs.find <fragment>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.find <fragment>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			const std::string &fragment = args[1];
+			int found = 0;
+			for (auto entity : world.GetEntities()) {
+				auto *id = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity);
+				if (!id) continue;
+				std::string name = id->Name.ToString();
+				if (name.find(fragment) != std::string::npos) {
+					dev::Console.print("  [" + std::to_string(static_cast<unsigned>(entity)) + "] " + name);
+					++found;
+				}
+			}
+			if (found == 0)
+				dev::Console.print_warn("No entities found matching: " + fragment);
+			else
+				dev::Console.print_info(std::to_string(found) + " match(es)");
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.disable", "Disable entity (systems will skip it): ecs.disable <name>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.disable <name>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+			if (!world.HasComponent<ECSComponent::Disabled>(entity))
+				world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Disabled>(entity);
+			dev::Console.print_ok("Disabled: " + args[1]);
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.enable", "Re-enable a disabled entity: ecs.enable <name>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.enable <name>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+			world.RemoveComponent<ECSComponent::Disabled>(entity);
+			dev::Console.print_ok("Enabled: " + args[1]);
+		});
+
+	con.register_command("ecs.addparticles", "Add a particle emitter to an entity: ecs.addparticles <name>",
+		[](const dev::args_t &args) {
+			if (args.size() < 2) { dev::Console.print_error("Usage: ecs.addparticles <name>"); return; }
+			ECScene *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+			if (!scene) { dev::Console.print_warn("No active scene"); return; }
+			ECWorld &world = scene->World();
+
+			entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(args[1]);
+			if (entity == entt::null) { dev::Console.print_error("Entity not found: " + args[1]); return; }
+
+			auto& emitter = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(entity);
+			emitter.isActive         = true;
+			emitter.spawnRate        = 20.0f;
+			emitter.particleLifetime = 2.5f;
+			emitter.gravity          = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f);
+			emitter.airResistance    = 0.15f;
+			emitter.colorFade        = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f);
+			if (auto *t = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity))
+				emitter.emitterLocation = glm::vec3(t->Position);
+			dev::Console.print_ok("ParticleEmitter added to: " + args[1]);
+		});
+
+	con.print_info("Driver console ready. Type 'help' for commands.");
 }
 
 void driver_ui::render_menu_contents()
diff --git a/application/driveruilayer.h b/application/driveruilayer.h
index 8ad1d775..27c2994e 100644
--- a/application/driveruilayer.h
+++ b/application/driveruilayer.h
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ private:
     // render() subclass details
     void
         render_() override;
+    // registers driver-specific console commands
+    void
+        register_driver_commands();
 
 // members
 	drivingaid_panel m_aidpanel { "Driving Aid", false };
diff --git a/application/uilayer.cpp b/application/uilayer.cpp
index f979d284..e06fba84 100644
--- a/application/uilayer.cpp
+++ b/application/uilayer.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 #include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
 
 #include "imgui/imgui_impl_glfw.h"
+#include "DevConsole/devconsole.h"
 
 GLFWwindow *ui_layer::m_window{nullptr};
 ImGuiIO *ui_layer::m_imguiio{nullptr};
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@ ui_layer::ui_layer()
 	if (Global.loading_log)
 		add_external_panel(&m_logpanel);
 	m_logpanel.size = {700, 400};
+
+	add_external_panel(&dev::Console);
 }
 
 ui_layer::~ui_layer() {}
@@ -319,6 +322,15 @@ bool ui_layer::on_key(int const Key, int const Action)
 			return true;
 		}
 
+		// Backtick (`) toggles the developer console
+		if (Key == GLFW_KEY_GRAVE_ACCENT)
+		{
+			dev::Console.is_open = !dev::Console.is_open;
+			if (dev::Console.is_open)
+				dev::Console.focus_input();
+			return true;
+		}
+
 		if (Key == GLFW_KEY_F9)
 		{
 			m_logpanel.is_open = !m_logpanel.is_open;
@@ -744,6 +756,7 @@ void ui_layer::render_menu_contents()
 	if (ImGui::BeginMenu(STR_C("Windows")))
 	{
 		ImGui::MenuItem(STR_C("Log"), "F9", &m_logpanel.is_open);
+		ImGui::MenuItem(STR_C("Developer Console"), "`", &dev::Console.is_open);
 		if (DebugModeFlag)
 		{
 			ImGui::MenuItem(STR_C("ImGui Demo"), nullptr, &m_imgui_demo);
diff --git a/entitysystem/ECScene.cpp b/entitysystem/ECScene.cpp
index 6e94ef79..f1e16f95 100644
--- a/entitysystem/ECScene.cpp
+++ b/entitysystem/ECScene.cpp
@@ -36,14 +36,21 @@ void ECScene::Unload()
 
 void ECScene::Update(float dt)
 {
-	if (!m_loaded){
-		 
+	if (!m_loaded)
 		return;
-	}
+
 	m_systems.Update(m_world, dt);
 	OnUpdate(dt);
 }
 
+void ECScene::Render()
+{
+	if (!m_loaded)
+		return;
+
+	m_systems.Render(m_world);
+}
+
  
 ECWorld& ECScene::World()
 {
diff --git a/entitysystem/ECScene.h b/entitysystem/ECScene.h
index a723a2d6..a5477145 100644
--- a/entitysystem/ECScene.h
+++ b/entitysystem/ECScene.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ public:
 	void Load();
 	void Unload();
 	void Update(float dt);
+	void Render();
 
 	ECWorld& World();
 	const ECWorld& World() const;
diff --git a/entitysystem/ECWorld.cpp b/entitysystem/ECWorld.cpp
index 48ad91c8..2468d39c 100644
--- a/entitysystem/ECWorld.cpp
+++ b/entitysystem/ECWorld.cpp
@@ -52,3 +52,9 @@ const entt::registry& ECWorld::Registry() const
 {
 	return m_registry;
 }
+
+ECWorld& GetComponentSystem()
+{
+	static ECWorld instance;
+	return instance;
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/ECWorld.h b/entitysystem/ECWorld.h
index f1a8ee11..f52ad044 100644
--- a/entitysystem/ECWorld.h
+++ b/entitysystem/ECWorld.h
@@ -66,6 +66,24 @@ public:
 			}, components);
 		}
 	}
+
+	// Same as Each but skips entities that have any of the Excluded components.
+	// Usage: world.Each<A, B>(entt::exclude<Disabled>, lambda)
+	template<typename... Components, typename... Excluded, typename Func>
+	void Each(entt::exclude_t<Excluded...>, Func&& func)
+	{
+		auto view = m_registry.view<Components...>(entt::exclude<Excluded...>);
+
+		for (auto entity : view)
+		{
+			auto components = std::forward_as_tuple(view.get<Components>(entity)...);
+
+			std::apply([&](Components&... comps)
+			{
+				func(entity, comps...);
+			}, components);
+		}
+	}
   
 	std::vector<entt::entity> GetEntities() const 
 	{
@@ -96,11 +114,16 @@ T& ECWorld::AddComponent(entt::entity entity, Args&&... args)
 		"Component must be constructible with provided arguments");
 
 	if (m_registry.all_of<T>(entity))
-	{
-		return m_registry.replace<T>(entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-	}
+		m_registry.replace<T>(entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	else
+		m_registry.emplace<T>(entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 
-	return m_registry.emplace<T>(entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	if constexpr (std::is_empty_v<T>) {
+		static T dummy{};
+		return dummy;
+	} else {
+		return m_registry.get<T>(entity);
+	}
 }
 
 template<typename T>
diff --git a/entitysystem/SceneManager.cpp b/entitysystem/SceneManager.cpp
index 564e7eec..3b79aefd 100644
--- a/entitysystem/SceneManager.cpp
+++ b/entitysystem/SceneManager.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ SceneManager::~SceneManager()
 void SceneManager::SetScene(std::unique_ptr<ECScene> scene)
 {
 	m_pendingScene = std::move(scene);
-	if (m_currentScene)
-        m_currentScene->Load();
 }
 
 void SceneManager::Update(float dt)
diff --git a/entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h b/entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h
index 60ead447..9b346d42 100644
--- a/entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h
+++ b/entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
 #include "glm/vec3.hpp"
 #include "glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp"
 #include "registry/FName.h"
-#include "utils/uuid.hpp"
+#include "utilities/uuid.hpp"
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
+class TDynamicObject;
+
 namespace ECSComponent
 {
 ///< summary>
@@ -45,6 +47,15 @@ struct Identification
 struct Parent
 {
 	entt::entity value{entt::null};
+	glm::dvec3   localOffset{0.0};                     // position offset relative to parent
+	glm::quat    localRotation{1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};   // rotation relative to parent
+};
+
+// Links an ECS entity to its corresponding simulation vehicle.
+// VehicleSyncSystem reads this to keep Transform in sync with vehicle world position.
+struct VehicleRef
+{
+    TDynamicObject* vehicle = nullptr;
 };
 
 struct SoundComponent
diff --git a/entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h b/entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h
index 8ae0473e..00d7be28 100644
--- a/entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h
+++ b/entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h
@@ -4,26 +4,23 @@
 #include "registry/FName.h"
 #include "rendering/geometrybank.h"
 
+class TAnimModel;
+
 namespace ECSComponent
 {
 /// <summary>
 /// Component for entities that can be rendered.
 /// </summary>
-/// <remarks>Currently empty
-/// TODO: Add component members
-/// </remarks>
 struct MeshRenderer
 {
 	gfx::geometry_handle meshHandle;
+	TAnimModel* modelInstance = nullptr;
 	bool visible = true;
 };
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Component for entities that can cast shadows.
 /// </summary>
-/// <remarks>Currently empty
-/// TODO: Add component members
-/// </remarks>
 struct SpotLight
 {
 	glm::vec3 Color{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
@@ -38,16 +35,70 @@ struct SpotLight
     bool Enabled = true;
 };
 
-// TODO: AreaLight like blender 
-// TODO: SunLight for scene
-
-
-struct ParticleEmitter
+/// <summary>
+/// 
+///</summary>
+struct AreaLight
 {
-    FName particleEffectPath = ("");
-    bool active = true;
+	glm::vec3 Color{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
+	float Intensity = 1.0f;
+	float Width = 1.0f;
+	float Height = 1.0f;
+	bool CastShadows = false;
+	bool Enabled = true;
 };
 
+struct SunLight
+{
+	glm::vec3 Color{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
+	float Intensity = 1.0f;
+	bool CastShadows = false;
+	bool Enabled = true;
+};
+
+
+struct Particle {
+	glm::vec3 position;
+	glm::vec3 velocity;
+	glm::vec4 color;
+	float size;
+	float age;
+	float maxAge;
+};
+
+struct ParticleEmitter {
+
+	// --- Kontener i Stan ---
+	std::vector<Particle> particles;
+	uint32_t maxParticles = 1000;
+	bool isActive = true;
+	float spawnAccumulator = 0.0f;
+
+	// --- Konfiguracja Emisji ---
+	float spawnRate = 20.0f;           // cząstek na sekundę
+	float particleLifetime = 2.0f;     // bazowy czas życia
+	glm::vec3 gravity{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }; // np. dym: 0.5, deszcz: -9.81
+	float airResistance = 0.1f;        // tłumienie prędkości
+
+	// --- Zakresy (losowanie) ---
+	glm::vec3 minStartVelocity{ -0.5f, 1.0f, -0.5f };
+	glm::vec3 maxStartVelocity{ 0.5f, 2.0f, 0.5f };
+
+	// --- Ewolucja w czasie (Modyfikatory) ---
+	float sizeGrowth = 0.5f;           // zmiana rozmiaru na sekundę
+	glm::vec4 colorFade = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f }; // np. znikanie (alpha)
+
+	// --- Pozycja emitera ---
+	glm::vec3 emitterLocation{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
+
+	// --- Flag Funkcjonalnych ---
+	bool hasCollision = false;         // czy sprawdzać kolizje
+	float bounceFactor = 0.3f;         // energia po odbiciu (0.0 - 1.0)
+};
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Component for entities that can be rendered as decals (e.g. graffiti on wagons, dirties on wall).
+/// </summary>
 struct Decal
 {
     FName decalTexturePath = ("");
@@ -55,6 +106,10 @@ struct Decal
     bool active = true;
 };
 
+
+/// <summary>
+///	Component for entities that can be rendered as billboards (e.g. particles, sprites).
+///  </summary>
 struct Billboard
 {
     FName texturePath = ("");
@@ -62,6 +117,9 @@ struct Billboard
     bool active = true;
 };
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Component for entities that can be rendered as lines.
+/// </summary>
 struct Line {
     glm::vec3 start{ 0.0f };
     glm::vec3 end{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
diff --git a/entitysystem/scenes/GameScene.cpp b/entitysystem/scenes/GameScene.cpp
index 711f124d..f4fab26e 100644
--- a/entitysystem/scenes/GameScene.cpp
+++ b/entitysystem/scenes/GameScene.cpp
@@ -4,32 +4,96 @@
 
 #include "GameScene.h"
 
-
 #include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
 #include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
 #include "entitysystem/systems/MovementSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.h"
 #include "utilities/Logs.h"
 
 GameScene::GameScene() = default;
-GameScene::~GameScene()  = default ;
+GameScene::~GameScene() = default;
 
 void GameScene::OnLoad()
 {
+	m_systems.AddSystem<VehicleSyncSystem>(); // must be first — updates Transform from live vehicle
 	m_systems.AddSystem<MovementSystem>();
- 
+	m_systems.AddSystem<HierarchySystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<LightSystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<ParticlesSystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<SoundSystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<LODSystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<MeshRenderSystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<LineSystem>();
+	m_systems.AddSystem<BillboardSystem>();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	CreateTestEntities();
+#endif
 }
 
 void GameScene::OnUpdate(float dt)
 {
-
-	//auto& world = World();
-
-	//auto view = world.View<ECSComponent::Transform>();
- 
-	
-} 
+}
 
 void GameScene::OnUnload()
 {
 	World().Clear();
+}
+
+void GameScene::CreateTestEntities()
+{
+	auto& world = World();
+
+	// smoke emitter at world origin for visual testing of ParticlesSystem
+	{
+		auto entity = world.CreateEntity();
+
+		auto& id = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity);
+		id.Name = "TestSmokeEmitter";
+
+		auto& transform = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity);
+		transform.Position = glm::dvec3(0.0, 2.0, 0.0);
+
+		auto& emitter = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(entity);
+		emitter.emitterLocation  = glm::vec3(0.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f);
+		emitter.isActive         = true;
+		emitter.spawnRate        = 15.0f;
+		emitter.particleLifetime = 3.0f;
+		emitter.gravity          = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f);
+		emitter.airResistance    = 0.2f;
+		emitter.colorFade        = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.4f);
+
+		WriteLog("[ECS] Created test entity: TestSmokeEmitter");
+	}
+
+	// moving entity to test MovementSystem + LOD culling
+	{
+		auto entity = world.CreateEntity();
+
+		auto& id = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity);
+		id.Name = "TestMovingBox";
+
+		auto& transform = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity);
+		transform.Position = glm::dvec3(10.0, 0.5, 0.0);
+
+		auto& velocity = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Velocity>(entity);
+		velocity.Value = glm::vec3(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+		auto& lod = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::LODController>(entity);
+		lod.RangeMin = 0.0;
+		lod.RangeMax = 200.0;
+
+		auto& mesh = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::MeshRenderer>(entity);
+		mesh.visible = true;
+
+		WriteLog("[ECS] Created test entity: TestMovingBox");
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/BaseSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/BaseSystem.h
index 4587af5b..3af90a6b 100644
--- a/entitysystem/systems/BaseSystem.h
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/BaseSystem.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ public:
 	virtual void OnDestroy(ECWorld& world) {}
 
 	virtual void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) {}
+	virtual void Render(ECWorld& world) {}
 };
 
 
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2773fb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "BillboardSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+#include "utilities/Globals.h"
+#include "utilities/Logs.h"
+
+#include "gl/buffer.h"
+#include "gl/vao.h"
+#include "gl/shader.h"
+
+struct BillboardSystem::RenderState
+{
+    std::optional<gl::buffer>    instanceBuffer;
+    std::optional<gl::vao>       vao;
+    std::unique_ptr<gl::program> shader;
+    std::size_t                  bufferCapacity { 0 };
+};
+
+BillboardSystem::BillboardSystem() = default;
+BillboardSystem::~BillboardSystem() = default;
+
+void BillboardSystem::Render(ECWorld& world)
+{
+    // Group billboard instances by texture path
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<BillboardInstance>> groups;
+
+    const glm::vec3 camPos{
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.x),
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.y),
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.z)
+    };
+
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::Billboard, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity, ECSComponent::Billboard& bill, ECSComponent::Transform& t)
+        {
+            if (!bill.active) return;
+            std::string key = bill.texturePath.ToString();
+            groups[key].push_back({
+                glm::vec3(t.Position) - camPos,
+                bill.size
+            });
+        });
+
+    if (groups.empty()) return;
+
+    // Lazy-init shared GL resources
+    if (!m_renderState)
+        m_renderState = std::make_unique<RenderState>();
+
+    auto& rs = *m_renderState;
+
+    if (!rs.instanceBuffer)
+        rs.instanceBuffer.emplace();
+
+    if (!rs.shader) {
+        try {
+            gl::shader vert("ecs_billboard.vert");
+            gl::shader frag("ecs_billboard.frag");
+            rs.shader = std::unique_ptr<gl::program>(new gl::program({vert, frag}));
+        } catch (const gl::shader_exception& e) {
+            WriteLog("[ECS] BillboardSystem: shader compile failed: " + std::string(e.what()));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+    glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
+    rs.shader->bind();
+
+    for (auto& [texPath, instances] : groups) {
+        // Grow VBO if needed
+        if (instances.size() > rs.bufferCapacity) {
+            rs.bufferCapacity = instances.size() + 64;
+            rs.instanceBuffer->allocate(
+                gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER,
+                static_cast<int>(rs.bufferCapacity * sizeof(BillboardInstance)),
+                GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+            rs.vao.reset(); // rebuild after realloc
+        }
+
+        rs.instanceBuffer->upload(
+            gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER,
+            instances.data(), 0,
+            static_cast<int>(instances.size() * sizeof(BillboardInstance)));
+
+        if (!rs.vao) {
+            rs.vao.emplace();
+            constexpr int stride = sizeof(BillboardInstance);
+            rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.instanceBuffer, 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, stride, 0);  // position
+            glVertexAttribDivisor(0, 1);
+            rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.instanceBuffer, 1, 1, GL_FLOAT, stride, 12); // size
+            glVertexAttribDivisor(1, 1);
+            rs.vao->unbind();
+            rs.instanceBuffer->unbind(gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER);
+        }
+
+        // Bind texture (fallback: skip group if path is empty)
+        if (!texPath.empty()) {
+            auto texHandle = GfxRenderer->Fetch_Texture(texPath, true);
+            GfxRenderer->Bind_Texture(0, texHandle);
+        }
+
+        rs.vao->bind();
+        glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6, static_cast<GLsizei>(instances.size()));
+        rs.vao->unbind();
+    }
+
+    gl::program::unbind();
+    glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
+    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..576c9844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/BillboardSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+#include "rendering/renderer.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <string>
+
+// Renders Billboard components as camera-facing textured quads.
+// Instances sharing the same texture are batched into one draw call.
+class BillboardSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    BillboardSystem();
+    ~BillboardSystem();
+    void Render(ECWorld& world) override;
+
+private:
+    struct BillboardInstance {
+        glm::vec3 position; // camera-relative
+        float     size;
+    };
+
+    struct RenderState;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderState> m_renderState;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a005242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "HierarchySystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+
+void HierarchySystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
+{
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::Parent, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity, ECSComponent::Parent& parent, ECSComponent::Transform& childTransform)
+        {
+            if (parent.value == entt::null || !world.IsAlive(parent.value))
+                return;
+
+            const auto* parentTransform = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(parent.value);
+            if (!parentTransform)
+                return;
+
+            // Rotate local offset by parent rotation then add parent world position.
+            glm::dvec3 rotatedOffset = glm::dvec3(parentTransform->Rotation * glm::vec3(parent.localOffset));
+            childTransform.Position = parentTransform->Position + rotatedOffset;
+
+            // Compose rotations: child world = parent world * child local.
+            childTransform.Rotation = parentTransform->Rotation * parent.localRotation;
+        });
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43c8921a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/HierarchySystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+// Propagates parent world Transform to children.
+// Runs after MovementSystem so children always inherit the parent's
+// already-updated position in the same frame.
+// Child's Transform.Position is stored as a LOCAL offset relative to
+// the parent and this system overwrites it with the computed world position.
+class HierarchySystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) override;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..449ed17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "LODSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+#include "utilities/Globals.h"
+#include "model/AnimModel.h"
+
+void LODSystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
+{
+    const glm::dvec3 camPos{
+        Global.pCamera.Pos.x,
+        Global.pCamera.Pos.y,
+        Global.pCamera.Pos.z
+    };
+
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::LODController, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity entity,
+            ECSComponent::LODController& lod,
+            ECSComponent::Transform& transform)
+        {
+            double dist = glm::length(camPos - transform.Position);
+            bool inRange = (dist >= lod.RangeMin) && (dist <= lod.RangeMax);
+
+            if (auto* mesh = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::MeshRenderer>(entity)) {
+                mesh->visible = inRange;
+                if (mesh->modelInstance)
+                    mesh->modelInstance->visible(inRange);
+            }
+        });
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de531117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/LODSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+// Reads LODController + Transform on each entity and toggles MeshRenderer.visible
+// based on distance to camera. Runs every Update tick.
+class LODSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) override;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd488109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "LightSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+#include "utilities/Globals.h"
+#include "rendering/lightarray.h"
+#include "simulation/simulation.h"
+
+void LightSystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
+{
+    // Sync SunLight intensity with global overcast value.
+    // Overcast 0 = clear sky (full sun), 2 = heavy overcast (dim).
+    const float sunIntensity = glm::clamp( 1.0f - Global.Overcast * 0.4f, 0.1f, 1.0f );
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::SunLight>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [sunIntensity](entt::entity, ECSComponent::SunLight& sun)
+        {
+            if (sun.Enabled)
+                sun.Intensity = sunIntensity;
+        });
+
+    // SpotLights: cull distant lights and rebuild the free_lights list for the renderer.
+    const glm::dvec3 camPos{
+        Global.pCamera.Pos.x,
+        Global.pCamera.Pos.y,
+        Global.pCamera.Pos.z
+    };
+    simulation::Lights.free_lights.clear();
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::SpotLight, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity, ECSComponent::SpotLight& spot, ECSComponent::Transform& transform)
+        {
+            double dist = glm::length(camPos - transform.Position);
+            if (dist > static_cast<double>(spot.Range) * 4.0) {
+                spot.Enabled = false;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (spot.Range > 0.0f)
+                spot.Enabled = true;
+
+            if (!spot.Enabled) return;
+
+            light_array::free_light_record rec;
+            rec.position     = transform.Position;
+            rec.direction    = glm::vec3(0.f, -1.f, 0.f); // default downward; rotation support can be added later
+            rec.color        = spot.Color;
+            rec.intensity    = spot.Intensity;
+            rec.range        = spot.Range;
+            rec.inner_cutoff = glm::cos(glm::radians(spot.InnerAngle));
+            rec.outer_cutoff = glm::cos(glm::radians(spot.OuterAngle));
+            simulation::Lights.free_lights.push_back(rec);
+        });
+}
+
+void LightSystem::Render(ECWorld& world)
+{
+    // Rendering of ECS lights is handled by the main renderer pipeline,
+    // which queries SpotLight/AreaLight/SunLight components via World views.
+    // Nothing to do here for now.
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01cc3b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/LightSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+// Manages ECS light components (SpotLight, AreaLight, SunLight).
+// Updates light position/direction from Transform each tick.
+// Actual renderer integration is handled by the rendering pipeline reading these components.
+class LightSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) override;
+    void Render(ECWorld& world) override;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e77b4d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "LineSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+#include "utilities/Globals.h"
+#include "utilities/Logs.h"
+
+#include "gl/buffer.h"
+#include "gl/vao.h"
+#include "gl/shader.h"
+
+struct LineSystem::RenderState
+{
+    std::optional<gl::buffer>    vertexBuffer;
+    std::optional<gl::vao>       vao;
+    std::unique_ptr<gl::program> shader;
+    std::size_t                  bufferCapacity { 0 };
+};
+
+LineSystem::LineSystem() = default;
+LineSystem::~LineSystem() = default;
+
+void LineSystem::Render(ECWorld& world)
+{
+    std::vector<LineVertex> vertices;
+    vertices.reserve(256);
+
+    const glm::vec3 camPos{
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.x),
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.y),
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.z)
+    };
+
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::Line, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity, ECSComponent::Line& line, ECSComponent::Transform& t)
+        {
+            if (!line.active) return;
+
+            glm::vec3 worldOrigin = glm::vec3(t.Position);
+            vertices.push_back({ worldOrigin + line.start - camPos, line.color });
+            vertices.push_back({ worldOrigin + line.end   - camPos, line.color });
+        });
+
+    if (vertices.empty()) return;
+
+    if (!m_renderState)
+        m_renderState = std::make_unique<RenderState>();
+
+    auto& rs = *m_renderState;
+
+    if (!rs.vertexBuffer)
+        rs.vertexBuffer.emplace();
+
+    if (vertices.size() > rs.bufferCapacity) {
+        rs.bufferCapacity = vertices.size() + 64;
+        rs.vertexBuffer->allocate(
+            gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER,
+            static_cast<int>(rs.bufferCapacity * sizeof(LineVertex)),
+            GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+        rs.vao.reset();
+    }
+
+    rs.vertexBuffer->upload(
+        gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER,
+        vertices.data(), 0,
+        static_cast<int>(vertices.size() * sizeof(LineVertex)));
+
+    if (!rs.vao) {
+        rs.vao.emplace();
+        constexpr int stride = sizeof(LineVertex);
+        rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.vertexBuffer, 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, stride, 0);   // position
+        rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.vertexBuffer, 1, 3, GL_FLOAT, stride, 12);  // color
+        rs.vao->unbind();
+        rs.vertexBuffer->unbind(gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER);
+    }
+
+    if (!rs.shader) {
+        try {
+            gl::shader vert("vbocolor.vert");
+            gl::shader frag("ecs_line.frag");
+            rs.shader = std::unique_ptr<gl::program>(new gl::program({vert, frag}));
+        } catch (const gl::shader_exception& e) {
+            WriteLog("[ECS] LineSystem: shader compile failed: " + std::string(e.what()));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    rs.shader->bind();
+    rs.vao->bind();
+    glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(vertices.size()));
+    rs.vao->unbind();
+    gl::program::unbind();
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56bc7b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/LineSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+// Renders Line components as GL_LINES using camera-relative world positions.
+// Uses vbocolor.vert + ecs_line.frag.
+class LineSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    LineSystem();
+    ~LineSystem();
+    void Render(ECWorld& world) override;
+
+private:
+    struct LineVertex {
+        glm::vec3 position; // camera-relative world position
+        glm::vec3 color;
+    };
+
+    struct RenderState;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderState> m_renderState;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..474a7353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "MeshRenderSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+
+// gfx_renderer does not expose per-handle draw calls — geometry is drawn
+// by the legacy pipeline (simulation::Region → GfxRenderer->Render()).
+// MeshRenderer.visible is the authoritative visibility flag; LODSystem writes
+// it and the legacy scene node reads it when the renderer traverses the scene.
+// When a custom ECS draw path is wired into the renderer this system will
+// issue the actual draw calls.
+void MeshRenderSystem::Render(ECWorld& world)
+{
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ddb59cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/MeshRenderSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+class MeshRenderSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    void Render(ECWorld& world) override;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/MovementSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/MovementSystem.cpp
index 6fe3bf61..ad9c856e 100644
--- a/entitysystem/systems/MovementSystem.cpp
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/MovementSystem.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ void MovementSystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
 	constexpr double damping = 0.90; // 0.0 = instant stop, 1.0 = without damping 
 
     world.Each<ECSComponent::Transform, ECSComponent::Velocity>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
         [dt](auto entity, auto& transform, auto& velocity)
         {
              
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ void MovementSystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
  
             if (glm::length(velocity.Value) < 0.001)
             {
-                velocity.Value = glm::dvec3(0.0);
+                velocity.Value = glm::vec3(0.0f);
             }
         }
     );
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a3abc69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//
+// Created by Daniu
+//
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "ParticlesSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+#include "utilities/Globals.h"
+
+#include "gl/buffer.h"
+#include "gl/vao.h"
+#include "gl/shader.h"
+
+#include "utilities/Logs.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <random>
+
+// ---- OpenGL resource bundle (pimpl) ----------------------------------------
+
+struct ParticlesSystem::RenderState
+{
+    std::optional<gl::buffer>          instanceBuffer;
+    std::optional<gl::vao>             vao;
+    std::unique_ptr<gl::program>       shader;
+    std::size_t                        bufferCapacity { 0 };
+};
+
+ParticlesSystem::ParticlesSystem() = default;
+ParticlesSystem::~ParticlesSystem() = default;
+
+// ---- Update ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ParticlesSystem::Update(ECWorld &world, float dt)
+{
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity entity, ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter& emitter)
+    {
+        if (!emitter.isActive && emitter.particles.empty()) return;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < emitter.particles.size(); )
+        {
+            auto& p = emitter.particles[i];
+            p.age += dt;
+
+            if (p.age >= p.maxAge || p.color.a <= 0.0f) {
+                p = emitter.particles.back();
+                emitter.particles.pop_back();
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            p.velocity += emitter.gravity * dt;
+            p.velocity *= (1.0f - emitter.airResistance * dt);
+
+            glm::vec3 nextPos = p.position + p.velocity * dt;
+            if (emitter.hasCollision && nextPos.y < 0.0f) {
+                p.velocity.y *= -emitter.bounceFactor;
+                p.velocity.x *= 0.8f;
+                nextPos.y = 0.01f;
+            }
+            p.position = nextPos;
+
+            p.size  += emitter.sizeGrowth * dt;
+            p.color += emitter.colorFade  * dt;
+
+            ++i;
+        }
+
+        if (emitter.isActive) {
+            emitter.spawnAccumulator += dt;
+            float spawnInterval = 1.0f / emitter.spawnRate;
+
+            while (emitter.spawnAccumulator >= spawnInterval) {
+                if (emitter.particles.size() < emitter.maxParticles)
+                    SpawnParticle(emitter);
+                emitter.spawnAccumulator -= spawnInterval;
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void ParticlesSystem::SpawnParticle(ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter& emitter)
+{
+    static thread_local std::mt19937 gen(std::random_device{}());
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> dist(0.0f, 1.0f);
+
+    ECSComponent::Particle p{};
+    p.position = emitter.emitterLocation;
+    p.velocity.x = emitter.minStartVelocity.x + dist(gen) * (emitter.maxStartVelocity.x - emitter.minStartVelocity.x);
+    p.velocity.y = emitter.minStartVelocity.y + dist(gen) * (emitter.maxStartVelocity.y - emitter.minStartVelocity.y);
+    p.velocity.z = emitter.minStartVelocity.z + dist(gen) * (emitter.maxStartVelocity.z - emitter.minStartVelocity.z);
+    p.color  = glm::vec4(1.0f);
+    p.size   = 0.1f;
+    p.age    = 0.0f;
+    p.maxAge = emitter.particleLifetime;
+
+    emitter.particles.push_back(p);
+}
+
+// ---- Render ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ParticlesSystem::Render(ECWorld& world)
+{
+    // Collect instance data for every live particle across all emitters
+    std::vector<GPUInstanceData> instances;
+    instances.reserve(4096);
+
+    const glm::vec3 camPos{
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.x),
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.y),
+        static_cast<float>(Global.pCamera.Pos.z)
+    };
+
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [&](entt::entity, ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter& emitter)
+    {
+        for (const auto& p : emitter.particles) {
+            if (p.color.a <= 0.0f) continue;
+            instances.push_back({
+                p.position - camPos,   // camera-relative world position
+                std::max(p.size, 0.01f),
+                p.color
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    if (instances.empty()) return;
+
+    // Lazy-init OpenGL resources
+    if (!m_renderState)
+        m_renderState = std::make_unique<RenderState>();
+
+    auto& rs = *m_renderState;
+
+    // Grow VBO if needed
+    if (!rs.instanceBuffer)
+        rs.instanceBuffer.emplace();
+
+    if (instances.size() > rs.bufferCapacity) {
+        rs.bufferCapacity = instances.size() + 1024; // headroom
+        rs.instanceBuffer->allocate(
+            gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER,
+            static_cast<int>(rs.bufferCapacity * sizeof(GPUInstanceData)),
+            GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+        // VAO needs rebuild after buffer reallocation
+        rs.vao.reset();
+    }
+
+    rs.instanceBuffer->upload(
+        gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER,
+        instances.data(), 0,
+        static_cast<int>(instances.size() * sizeof(GPUInstanceData)));
+
+    // Build VAO once (or after buffer realloc)
+    if (!rs.vao) {
+        rs.vao.emplace();
+        constexpr int stride = sizeof(GPUInstanceData);
+        rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.instanceBuffer, 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, stride, 0);   // position
+        glVertexAttribDivisor(0, 1);
+        rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.instanceBuffer, 1, 1, GL_FLOAT, stride, 12);  // size
+        glVertexAttribDivisor(1, 1);
+        rs.vao->setup_attrib(*rs.instanceBuffer, 2, 4, GL_FLOAT, stride, 16);  // color
+        glVertexAttribDivisor(2, 1);
+        rs.vao->unbind();
+        rs.instanceBuffer->unbind(gl::buffer::ARRAY_BUFFER);
+    }
+
+    // Load shader once
+    if (!rs.shader) {
+        try {
+            gl::shader vert("ecs_particle.vert");
+            gl::shader frag("ecs_particle.frag");
+            rs.shader = std::unique_ptr<gl::program>(new gl::program({vert, frag}));
+        } catch (const gl::shader_exception& e) {
+            WriteLog("[ECS] ParticlesSystem: shader compile failed: " + std::string(e.what()));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Render
+    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+    glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
+
+    rs.shader->bind();
+    rs.vao->bind();
+    glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6, static_cast<GLsizei>(instances.size()));
+    rs.vao->unbind();
+    gl::program::unbind();
+
+    glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
+    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13c5a05f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/ParticlesSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//
+// Created by Daniu
+//
+
+#ifndef EU07_PARTICLESSYSTEM_H
+#define EU07_PARTICLESSYSTEM_H
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/RenderComponents.h"
+
+class ParticlesSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    ParticlesSystem();
+    ~ParticlesSystem();
+    void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) override;
+    void Render(ECWorld& world) override;
+
+private:
+    void SpawnParticle(ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter& emitter);
+
+    // Per-instance data uploaded to GPU (one entry per live particle)
+    struct GPUInstanceData {
+        glm::vec3 position; // camera-relative world position
+        float     size;
+        glm::vec4 color;
+    };
+
+    // OpenGL resources — allocated lazily on first Render() call
+    struct RenderState;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderState> m_renderState;
+};
+
+#endif // EU07_PARTICLESSYSTEM_H
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33fd648c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "SoundSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+
+void SoundSystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
+{
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::SoundComponent, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [](entt::entity,
+           ECSComponent::SoundComponent& sc,
+           ECSComponent::Transform& transform)
+        {
+            sc.sound.offset( glm::vec3( transform.Position ) );
+            sc.sound.gain( sc.volume );
+            sc.sound.pitch( sc.pitch );
+
+            if (sc.isPlaying && !sc.sound.is_playing()) {
+                int flags = sc.loop ? sound_flags::looping : 0;
+                sc.sound.play( flags );
+            } else if (!sc.isPlaying && sc.sound.is_playing()) {
+                sc.sound.stop();
+            }
+        });
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d2e0e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/SoundSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+// Drives SoundComponent: starts/stops sound_source playback and keeps
+// position, volume and pitch in sync with the entity's Transform.
+class SoundSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) override;
+};
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.cpp
index 35d7cd51..0bb4ebf6 100644
--- a/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.cpp
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,12 @@ void SystemManager::Destroy(ECWorld& world)
 
 void SystemManager::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
 {
-	 
 	for (auto& system : m_systems)
 		system->Update(world, dt);
 }
+
+void SystemManager::Render(ECWorld& world)
+{
+	for (auto& system : m_systems)
+		system->Render(world);
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.h b/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.h
index fd26be3e..06b5e862 100644
--- a/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.h
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/SystemManager.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public:
 	void Destroy(ECWorld& world);
 
 	void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt);
+	void Render(ECWorld& world);
 
 private:
 	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BaseSystem>> m_systems;
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.cpp b/entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5afe7c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "VehicleSyncSystem.h"
+
+#include "entitysystem/ECWorld.h"
+#include "entitysystem/components/BasicComponents.h"
+#include "vehicle/DynObj.h"
+
+void VehicleSyncSystem::Update(ECWorld& world, float dt)
+{
+    world.Each<ECSComponent::VehicleRef, ECSComponent::Transform>(
+        entt::exclude<ECSComponent::Disabled>,
+        [](entt::entity,
+           ECSComponent::VehicleRef& ref,
+           ECSComponent::Transform& transform)
+        {
+            if (!ref.vehicle) return;
+
+            auto const &pos = ref.vehicle->GetPosition();
+            transform.Position = glm::dvec3(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
+
+            // Extract rotation from the vehicle's render matrix (column vectors = basis)
+            auto const *m = ref.vehicle->mMatrix.getArray();
+            // mMatrix is column-major 4x4; extract upper-left 3x3 into glm
+            glm::mat3 rot(
+                m[0], m[1], m[2],
+                m[4], m[5], m[6],
+                m[8], m[9], m[10]);
+            transform.Rotation = glm::quat_cast(rot);
+        });
+}
diff --git a/entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.h b/entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1906f3f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entitysystem/systems/VehicleSyncSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BaseSystem.h"
+
+// Keeps ECS Transform in sync with the vehicle's actual world position each frame.
+// Must run before all other systems that read Transform (e.g. LOD, Sound, Hierarchy).
+class VehicleSyncSystem : public BaseSystem
+{
+public:
+    void Update(ECWorld& world, float dt) override;
+};
diff --git a/rendering/lightarray.h b/rendering/lightarray.h
index 670cbea8..8e7b3cfe 100644
--- a/rendering/lightarray.h
+++ b/rendering/lightarray.h
@@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ public:
 // types
     typedef std::vector<light_record> lightrecord_array;
 
+    struct free_light_record {
+        glm::dvec3 position;
+        glm::vec3  direction { 0.f, -1.f, 0.f };
+        glm::vec3  color     { 1.f,  1.f,  1.f };
+        float intensity  { 1.0f };
+        float range      { 25.0f };
+        float inner_cutoff { 0.9659f };  // cos(15°)
+        float outer_cutoff { 0.9063f };  // cos(25°)
+    };
+
 // members
     lightrecord_array data;
+    std::vector<free_light_record> free_lights;
 };
diff --git a/rendering/opengl33renderer.cpp b/rendering/opengl33renderer.cpp
index 44a0c7a5..3b968159 100644
--- a/rendering/opengl33renderer.cpp
+++ b/rendering/opengl33renderer.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 #include "utilities/utilities.h"
 #include "simulation/simulationtime.h"
 #include "application/application.h"
+#include "entitysystem/ECScene.h"
 #include "model/AnimModel.h"
 #include "rendering/opengl33geometrybank.h"
 #include "rendering/screenshot.h"
@@ -867,7 +868,7 @@ void opengl33_renderer::Render_pass(viewport_config &vp, rendermode const Mode)
 		setup_drawing(true);
 		Render_Alpha(simulation::Region);
 
-		// particles
+		// particles + ECS effects
 		Render_particles();
 
 		// precipitation; done at end, only before cab render
@@ -3578,6 +3579,10 @@ void opengl33_renderer::Render_particles()
 	Bind_Texture(0, m_smoketexture);
 	m_particlerenderer.update(m_renderpass.pass_camera);
     m_renderpass.draw_stats.particles = m_particlerenderer.render();
+
+    // ECS particle, line and effect rendering — runs here so matrices/UBOs are set up
+    if (auto *scene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene())
+        scene->Render();
 }
 
 void opengl33_renderer::Render_vr_models()
@@ -4707,6 +4712,31 @@ void opengl33_renderer::Update_Lights(light_array &Lights)
 		++light_i;
 		++renderlight;
 	}
+
+    // fill free ECS SpotLight data
+    for (auto const &fl : Lights.free_lights)
+    {
+        if (light_i >= gl::MAX_LIGHTS) break;
+        auto const lightoffset = glm::vec3{ fl.position - camera };
+        if (glm::length(lightoffset) > 1000.f) continue;
+
+        gl::light_element_ubs *light = &light_ubs.lights[light_i];
+        light->pos       = mv * glm::vec4(lightoffset, 1.0f);
+        light->dir       = mv * glm::vec4(fl.direction, 0.0f);
+        light->type      = gl::light_element_ubs::SPOT;
+        light->in_cutoff = fl.inner_cutoff;
+        light->out_cutoff = fl.outer_cutoff;
+        light->color     = fl.color * fl.intensity;
+        light->linear    = 4.5f / fl.range;
+        light->quadratic = 75.0f / (fl.range * fl.range);
+        light->ambient   = 0.0f;
+        light->intensity = fl.intensity;
+        light->headlight_projection = glm::mat4(0.f);
+        light->headlight_weights    = glm::vec4(0.f);
+
+        ++light_i;
+    }
+
     light_ubs.lights_count = light_i;
     // fill sunlight data
     light_ubs.ambient = m_sunlight.ambient * m_sunlight.factor;// *simulation::Environment.light_intensity();
diff --git a/rendering/opengl33renderer.h b/rendering/opengl33renderer.h
index 04ead7f0..11655dc5 100644
--- a/rendering/opengl33renderer.h
+++ b/rendering/opengl33renderer.h
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ class opengl33_renderer : public gfx_renderer {
     // draws supplied geometry handles
     void Draw_Geometry(std::vector<gfx::geometrybank_handle>::iterator begin, std::vector<gfx::geometrybank_handle>::iterator end);
 	void Draw_Geometry(const gfx::geometrybank_handle &handle);
+    // draws a geometry chunk, uploading the current modelview matrix first
+    void draw(gfx::geometry_handle const &handle) override;
 	// material methods
     void Bind_Material_Shadow(material_handle const Material);
 	void Update_AnimModel(TAnimModel *model);
@@ -289,7 +291,6 @@ class opengl33_renderer : public gfx_renderer {
 
 	bool init_viewport(viewport_config &vp);
 
-    void draw(const gfx::geometry_handle &handle);
     void draw(std::vector<gfx::geometrybank_handle>::iterator begin, std::vector<gfx::geometrybank_handle>::iterator end);
 
 	void draw_debug_ui();
diff --git a/rendering/renderer.h b/rendering/renderer.h
index 89eb7c80..90e0d52f 100644
--- a/rendering/renderer.h
+++ b/rendering/renderer.h
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ public:
     virtual void Bind_Texture( std::size_t const Unit, texture_handle const Texture ) = 0;
     virtual auto Texture( texture_handle const Texture ) -> ITexture & = 0;
     virtual auto Texture( texture_handle const Texture ) const -> ITexture const & = 0;
+    // draw a geometry chunk with the current transform state (no-op in backends that don't support it)
+    virtual void draw( gfx::geometry_handle const & ) {}
     // utility methods
     virtual void Pick_Control_Callback( std::function<void( TSubModel const *, const glm::vec2 )> Callback ) = 0;
     virtual void Pick_Node_Callback( std::function<void( scene::basic_node * )> Callback ) = 0;
diff --git a/shaders/ecs_billboard.frag b/shaders/ecs_billboard.frag
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..815fb54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shaders/ecs_billboard.frag
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+in vec2 f_uv;
+in vec4 f_pos;
+
+#texture (tex1, 0, sRGB_A)
+uniform sampler2D tex1;
+
+#include <common>
+#include <apply_fog.glsl>
+#include <tonemapping.glsl>
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_color;
+#if MOTIONBLUR_ENABLED
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 out_motion;
+#endif
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec4 col = texture(tex1, f_uv);
+    if (col.a < 0.01) discard;
+#if POSTFX_ENABLED
+    out_color = vec4(apply_fog(col.rgb), col.a);
+#else
+    out_color = tonemap(vec4(apply_fog(col.rgb), col.a));
+#endif
+#if MOTIONBLUR_ENABLED
+    out_motion = vec4(0.0);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/shaders/ecs_billboard.vert b/shaders/ecs_billboard.vert
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..989c87b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shaders/ecs_billboard.vert
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// ECS billboard instanced vertex shader.
+// Per-instance: camera-relative position and size.
+// UVs are generated per-corner from gl_VertexID.
+layout(location = 0) in vec3  i_position;
+layout(location = 1) in float i_size;
+
+out vec2 f_uv;
+out vec4 f_pos;
+
+#include <common>
+
+const vec2 corners[6] = vec2[6](
+    vec2(-0.5, -0.5), vec2( 0.5, -0.5), vec2( 0.5,  0.5),
+    vec2(-0.5, -0.5), vec2( 0.5,  0.5), vec2(-0.5,  0.5)
+);
+const vec2 uvs[6] = vec2[6](
+    vec2(0.0, 0.0), vec2(1.0, 0.0), vec2(1.0, 1.0),
+    vec2(0.0, 0.0), vec2(1.0, 1.0), vec2(0.0, 1.0)
+);
+
+void main()
+{
+    int idx = gl_VertexID;
+    vec3 right = vec3(inv_view[0]);
+    vec3 up    = vec3(inv_view[1]);
+    vec3 worldPos = i_position + (right * corners[idx].x + up * corners[idx].y) * i_size;
+    f_pos       = modelview * vec4(worldPos, 1.0);
+    gl_Position = projection * f_pos;
+    f_uv        = uvs[idx];
+}
diff --git a/shaders/ecs_line.frag b/shaders/ecs_line.frag
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8f48d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shaders/ecs_line.frag
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+in vec3 f_color;
+in vec4 f_pos;
+
+#include <common>
+#include <apply_fog.glsl>
+#include <tonemapping.glsl>
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_color;
+#if MOTIONBLUR_ENABLED
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 out_motion;
+#endif
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec3 col = f_color;
+#if POSTFX_ENABLED
+    out_color = vec4(apply_fog(col), 1.0);
+#else
+    out_color = tonemap(vec4(apply_fog(col), 1.0));
+#endif
+#if MOTIONBLUR_ENABLED
+    out_motion = vec4(0.0);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/shaders/ecs_particle.frag b/shaders/ecs_particle.frag
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66b04c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shaders/ecs_particle.frag
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+in vec4 f_color;
+in vec4 f_pos;
+
+#include <common>
+#include <apply_fog.glsl>
+#include <tonemapping.glsl>
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_color;
+#if MOTIONBLUR_ENABLED
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 out_motion;
+#endif
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec4 col = f_color;
+#if POSTFX_ENABLED
+    out_color = vec4(apply_fog(col.rgb), col.a);
+#else
+    out_color = tonemap(vec4(apply_fog(col.rgb), col.a));
+#endif
+#if MOTIONBLUR_ENABLED
+    out_motion = vec4(0.0);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/shaders/ecs_particle.vert b/shaders/ecs_particle.vert
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25d38fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shaders/ecs_particle.vert
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// ECS particle instanced billboard vertex shader.
+// Per-instance data: camera-relative world position, size, color.
+// Billboard corners are generated via gl_VertexID (no geometry shader needed).
+layout(location = 0) in vec3  i_position;  // camera-relative world position
+layout(location = 1) in float i_size;
+layout(location = 2) in vec4  i_color;
+
+out vec4 f_color;
+out vec4 f_pos;
+
+#include <common>
+
+// Two-triangle billboard quad (CCW winding)
+const vec2 corners[6] = vec2[6](
+    vec2(-0.5, -0.5), vec2( 0.5, -0.5), vec2( 0.5,  0.5),
+    vec2(-0.5, -0.5), vec2( 0.5,  0.5), vec2(-0.5,  0.5)
+);
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec2 corner = corners[gl_VertexID];
+
+    // inv_view is the inverse of the rotation-only view matrix.
+    // Its columns are the camera's right, up, forward vectors in world space.
+    vec3 right = vec3(inv_view[0]);
+    vec3 up    = vec3(inv_view[1]);
+
+    // Expand billboard in world space around the camera-relative centre.
+    vec3 worldPos = i_position + (right * corner.x + up * corner.y) * i_size;
+
+    f_pos       = modelview * vec4(worldPos, 1.0);
+    gl_Position = projection * f_pos;
+    f_color     = i_color;
+}
diff --git a/simulation/simulationstateserializer.cpp b/simulation/simulationstateserializer.cpp
index a8a9342c..c4593ac4 100644
--- a/simulation/simulationstateserializer.cpp
+++ b/simulation/simulationstateserializer.cpp
@@ -430,28 +430,29 @@ state_serializer::deserialize_node( cParser &Input, scene::scratch_data &Scratch
         >> nodedata.name
         >> nodedata.type;
 
-	ECWorld& world = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene()->World();
-  
+	ECScene* currentScene = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene();
+	if (currentScene == nullptr)
+		return;
+	ECWorld& world = currentScene->World();
+
 	entt::entity entity = world.CreateEntity();
- 
-	auto transformComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity);
+
+	auto& transformComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity);
 	transformComponent.Position = Scratchpad.location.offset.empty() ? glm::dvec3(0.0) : Scratchpad.location.offset.top();
 	transformComponent.Rotation = Scratchpad.location.rotation;
-	//nodeTransform.Scale = Scratchpad.location.scale;
 
-	// auto LODComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::LODController>(entity);
-	// LODComponent.RangeMax = nodedata.range_max;
-	// LODComponent.RangeMin = nodedata.range_min;
-
-    if( nodedata.name == "none" )
-    {
-	    nodedata.name.clear();
-    }
-	else
-	{
-		world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity).Name = nodedata.name;
-        
+	if (nodedata.range_max > 0.0 || nodedata.range_min >= 0.0) {
+		auto& lodComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::LODController>(entity);
+		lodComponent.RangeMin = nodedata.range_min;
+		lodComponent.RangeMax = nodedata.range_max;
 	}
+
+    if( nodedata.name == "none" ) {
+	    nodedata.name.clear();
+    } else {
+		auto& id = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Identification>(entity);
+		id.Name = nodedata.name;
+    }
     // type-based deserialization. not elegant but it'll do
     if( nodedata.type == "dynamic" ) {
  
@@ -462,25 +463,34 @@ state_serializer::deserialize_node( cParser &Input, scene::scratch_data &Scratch
         //
         if( vehicle->mdModel != nullptr ) {
             for( auto const &smokesource : vehicle->mdModel->smoke_sources() ) {
-                Particles.insert(
-                    smokesource.first,
-                    vehicle,
-                    smokesource.second );
+                auto& particleComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(entity);
+                particleComponent.emitterLocation = smokesource.second;
+                particleComponent.isActive = true;
             }
         }
 
-        if( false == simulation::Vehicles.insert( vehicle ) ) {
-
+        if( !Vehicles.insert( vehicle ) ) {
             ErrorLog( "Bad scenario: duplicate vehicle name \"" + vehicle->name() + "\" defined in file \"" + Input.Name() + "\" (line " + std::to_string( inputline ) + ")" );
         }
 
-        auto velocityComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Velocity>(entity);
-        velocityComponent.Value = glm::dvec3(0.0);
+        world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::Velocity>(entity).Value = glm::dvec3(0.0);
 
-        if( ( vehicle->MoverParameters->CategoryFlag == 1 ) // trains only
-         && ( ( ( vehicle->LightList( end::front ) & ( light::headlight_left | light::headlight_right | light::headlight_upper ) ) != 0 )
-           || ( ( vehicle->LightList( end::rear )  & ( light::headlight_left | light::headlight_right | light::headlight_upper ) ) != 0 ) ) ) {
+        // link ECS entity back to the live vehicle so VehicleSyncSystem can track it
+        world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::VehicleRef>(entity).vehicle = vehicle;
+
+        // headlight spotlights
+        bool const hasFrontLights = ( vehicle->LightList( end::front ) & ( light::headlight_left | light::headlight_right | light::headlight_upper ) ) != 0;
+        bool const hasRearLights  = ( vehicle->LightList( end::rear )  & ( light::headlight_left | light::headlight_right | light::headlight_upper ) ) != 0;
+        if( ( vehicle->MoverParameters->CategoryFlag == 1 ) && ( hasFrontLights || hasRearLights ) ) {
             simulation::Lights.insert( vehicle );
+            auto& spotlight = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::SpotLight>(entity);
+            spotlight.Color       = glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.95f, 0.85f);
+            spotlight.Intensity   = 1.0f;
+            spotlight.Range       = 150.0f;
+            spotlight.InnerAngle  = 8.0f;
+            spotlight.OuterAngle  = 20.0f;
+            spotlight.CastShadows = false;
+            spotlight.Enabled     = hasFrontLights;
         }
     }
     else if( nodedata.type == "track" ) {
@@ -579,20 +589,27 @@ state_serializer::deserialize_node( cParser &Input, scene::scratch_data &Scratch
             scene::Groups.insert( scene::Groups.handle(), instance );
             simulation::Region->insert( instance );
  
-            ECWorld& world = Application.sceneManager.CurrentScene()->World();
-    
-            entt::entity entity = world.FindEntityByName(instance->name());
- 
-            if(entity != entt::null) {
- 
-                auto meshComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::MeshRenderer>(entity);
-                //meshComponent.meshHandle = instance->Model()->MeshHandle();
-                meshComponent.visible = true;
+            {
+                entt::entity modelEntity = world.FindEntityByName(instance->name());
+                if (modelEntity != entt::null) {
+                    auto& meshComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::MeshRenderer>(modelEntity);
+                    meshComponent.modelInstance = instance;
+                    meshComponent.visible = true;
 
-                auto* transformComponent = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(entity);
-                transformComponent->Position = {instance->location().x, instance->location().y, instance->location().z};
-                transformComponent->Rotation = {instance->Angles().x, instance->Angles().y, instance->Angles().z, 1.0f};
-                //transformComponent->Scale = {instance->scale().x, instance->scale().y, instance->scale().z};
+                    if (auto* t = world.GetComponent<ECSComponent::Transform>(modelEntity)) {
+                        t->Position = { instance->location().x, instance->location().y, instance->location().z };
+                        t->Rotation = { instance->Angles().x, instance->Angles().y, instance->Angles().z, 1.0f };
+                    }
+
+                    // smoke sources on static models
+                    if (instance->Model() != nullptr) {
+                        for (auto const &smokesource : instance->Model()->smoke_sources()) {
+                            auto& emitter = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::ParticleEmitter>(modelEntity);
+                            emitter.emitterLocation = smokesource.second;
+                            emitter.isActive = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             scene::basic_node *hierarchy_node = instance;
@@ -675,13 +692,14 @@ state_serializer::deserialize_node( cParser &Input, scene::scratch_data &Scratch
 
         auto *sound { deserialize_sound( Input, Scratchpad, nodedata ) };
 
-        auto soundComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::SoundComponent>(entity);
-
-        soundComponent.sound = *sound;
-        soundComponent.volume =  1;
-        soundComponent.pitch = 1;
-        soundComponent.range = sound->range();
+        auto& soundComponent = world.AddComponent<ECSComponent::SoundComponent>(entity);
+        soundComponent.sound.copy_sounds(*sound);
+        soundComponent.volume    = sound->gain();
+        soundComponent.pitch     = 1.0f;
+        soundComponent.range     = sound->range();
+        soundComponent.loop      = false;
         soundComponent.isPlaying = sound->is_playing();
+        soundComponent.playOnStart = false;
 
         if( false == simulation::Sounds.insert( sound ) ) {
             ErrorLog( "Bad scenario: duplicate sound node name \"" + sound->name() + "\" defined in file \"" + Input.Name() + "\" (line " + std::to_string( inputline ) + ")" );