diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 5f4ae645..1485e520 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ set(SOURCES
 "editor/editorModelSets.cpp"
 "editor/editorTerrain.cpp"
 "editor/editorTerrainStreamer.cpp"
+"editor/editorOrthophoto.cpp"
 "application/editormode.cpp"
 "input/editormouseinput.cpp"
 "application/editoruilayer.cpp"
@@ -564,6 +565,19 @@ if (WIN32)
 	target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ws2_32)
 endif()
 
+# http client of the editor's geoportal orthophoto layer: WinHTTP on Windows, libcurl elsewhere when available
+if (WIN32)
+	target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} winhttp)
+else()
+	find_package(CURL QUIET)
+	if (CURL_FOUND)
+		target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} CURL::libcurl)
+		target_compile_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE EU07_WITH_CURL)
+	else()
+		message(STATUS "libcurl not found: the editor's orthophoto layer will only show cached tiles")
+	endif()
+endif()
+
 if (WITH_ZMQ)
 	find_package(cppzmq REQUIRED)
 	target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${cppzmq_INCLUDE_DIR})
diff --git a/application/editormode.cpp b/application/editormode.cpp
index 1bdd4ed7..4da9fe98 100644
--- a/application/editormode.cpp
+++ b/application/editormode.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 #include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
 #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
 #include <array>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
 #include <limits>
@@ -267,6 +268,19 @@ namespace
         }
     }
 
+    // scenery file name without path and extension
+    std::string scenery_stem()
+    {
+        std::string scenery = Global.SceneryFile;
+        auto const slash = scenery.find_last_of("/\\");
+        if (slash != std::string::npos)
+            scenery = scenery.substr(slash + 1);
+        auto const dot = scenery.find_last_of('.');
+        if (dot != std::string::npos)
+            scenery = scenery.substr(0, dot);
+        return scenery.empty() ? "default" : scenery;
+    }
+
 } 
 
 bool editor_mode::editormode_input::init()
@@ -879,6 +893,10 @@ bool editor_mode::update()
         }
     }
 
+    // --- geoportal orthophoto: streamed around the camera, drawn beneath the other overlays ---
+    m_orthophoto.update(Camera.Pos);
+    draw_orthophoto();
+
     // --- ImGuizmo: in-viewport transform gizmo for the selected node ---
     render_gizmo();
 
@@ -926,6 +944,11 @@ void editor_mode::render_settings()
             render_terrain_ui();
             ImGui::EndTabItem();
         }
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Orthophoto"))
+        {
+            render_orthophoto_ui();
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
         ImGui::EndTabBar();
     }
 
@@ -1094,6 +1117,153 @@ void editor_mode::render_terrain_ui()
     }
 }
 
+void editor_mode::load_orthophoto_settings()
+{
+    std::string const scenery = scenery_stem();
+    if (scenery == m_orthophoto_scenery)
+        return;
+    m_orthophoto_scenery = scenery;
+
+    auto const &stored = EditorSettings.orthophoto();
+    editor_orthophoto::config config = m_orthophoto.settings();
+    config.radius = stored.radius;
+    config.height = stored.height;
+    config.opacity = stored.opacity;
+    config.year = stored.year;
+    config.hires = stored.hires;
+    config.north = 0.0;
+    config.east = 0.0;
+    EditorSettings.orthophoto_origin(scenery, config.north, config.east);
+    m_orthophoto.settings(config);
+    m_orthophoto_origin_edit = {config.north, config.east};
+}
+
+void editor_mode::save_orthophoto_settings()
+{
+    editor_orthophoto::config const &config = m_orthophoto.settings();
+    auto &stored = EditorSettings.orthophoto();
+    stored.radius = config.radius;
+    stored.height = config.height;
+    stored.opacity = config.opacity;
+    stored.year = config.year;
+    stored.hires = config.hires;
+    if (config.north != 0.0 || config.east != 0.0)
+        EditorSettings.orthophoto_origin(m_orthophoto_scenery, config.north, config.east);
+    EditorSettings.save();
+}
+
+void editor_mode::render_orthophoto_ui()
+{
+    load_orthophoto_settings();
+
+    editor_orthophoto::config config = m_orthophoto.settings();
+    bool changed = false; // apply to the layer
+    bool persist = false; // and store in the editor settings
+
+    bool enabled = m_orthophoto.enabled();
+    if (ImGui::Checkbox("Show orthophoto (geoportal.gov.pl)", &enabled))
+        m_orthophoto.enabled(enabled);
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    ImGui::TextUnformatted("Scenery origin (0,0,0) in PUWG 1992 / EPSG:2180");
+    // geodetic convention, as displayed by geoportal.gov.pl: X grows north, Y grows east.
+    // applied once editing ends, so half-typed numbers don't trigger downloads
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(160.0f);
+    ImGui::InputDouble("X (northing, m)", &m_orthophoto_origin_edit.x, 0.0, 0.0, "%.2f");
+    bool const northedited = ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(160.0f);
+    ImGui::InputDouble("Y (easting, m)", &m_orthophoto_origin_edit.y, 0.0, 0.0, "%.2f");
+    bool const eastedited = ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+    if (northedited || eastedited)
+    {
+        config.north = m_orthophoto_origin_edit.x;
+        config.east = m_orthophoto_origin_edit.y;
+        changed = persist = true;
+    }
+    if (config.north == 0.0 && config.east == 0.0)
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 0.75f, 0.2f, 1.0f), "Enter the origin of this scenery first");
+    else
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("Camera at X %.1f  Y %.1f", config.north + Camera.Pos.z, config.east - Camera.Pos.x);
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(160.0f);
+    changed |= ImGui::SliderInt("Distance (tiles)", &config.radius, 0, editor_orthophoto::max_radius);
+    persist |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    int const span = static_cast<int>((2 * config.radius + 1) * editor_orthophoto::tile_size);
+    ImGui::TextDisabled("%d x %d m", span, span);
+
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(160.0f);
+    changed |= ImGui::DragFloat("Height (m)", &config.height, 0.1f, -1000.0f, 3000.0f, "%.2f");
+    persist |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(160.0f);
+    changed |= ImGui::SliderFloat("Opacity", &config.opacity, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f");
+    persist |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+
+    // newest imagery, or the newest imagery taken up to the end of the selected year
+    int const thisyear = static_cast<int>(std::chrono::year_month_day{std::chrono::floor<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now())}.year());
+    std::string const yearlabel = config.year ? std::to_string(config.year) : std::string("Newest");
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(160.0f);
+    if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Photo year", yearlabel.c_str()))
+    {
+        if (ImGui::Selectable("Newest", config.year == 0))
+        {
+            config.year = 0;
+            changed = persist = true;
+        }
+        for (int year = thisyear; year >= editor_orthophoto::oldest_year; --year)
+        {
+            if (ImGui::Selectable(std::to_string(year).c_str(), config.year == year))
+            {
+                config.year = year;
+                changed = persist = true;
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::EndCombo();
+    }
+
+    if (ImGui::Checkbox("4K tiles where available", &config.hires))
+        changed = persist = true;
+    if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+        ImGui::SetTooltip("4096 px tiles (~6 cm/px) from the high-resolution orthophoto, for the tiles around the camera.\n"
+                          "Areas it doesn't cover use the standard imagery. Each 4K tile takes ~85 MB of video memory.");
+
+    if (changed)
+        m_orthophoto.settings(config);
+    if (persist)
+        save_orthophoto_settings();
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    auto const stats = m_orthophoto.stats();
+    ImGui::Text("Tiles: %d shown, %d loading, %d failed", stats.resident, stats.loading, stats.failed);
+    if (stats.failed > 0)
+    {
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Retry"))
+            m_orthophoto.retry_failed();
+    }
+    if (!editor_orthophoto::can_download())
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("This build has no HTTP client, only cached tiles are shown");
+    ImGui::TextDisabled("Cache: %s", editor_orthophoto::cache_directory().c_str());
+    ImGui::TextDisabled("Imagery: GUGiK, geoportal.gov.pl");
+}
+
+void editor_mode::draw_orthophoto()
+{
+    if (!m_orthophoto.enabled())
+        return;
+    // the camera was just published to the renderer (update_camera), so build the view from it rather than
+    // from the renderer's previous frame; camera-relative rotation, same projection as the other overlays
+    glm::dmat4 viewmatrix{1.0};
+    Camera.SetMatrix(viewmatrix);
+    glm::mat4 const view = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(viewmatrix));
+    ImGuiIO const &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    float const fovy = glm::radians(Global.FieldOfView / Global.ZoomFactor);
+    float const aspect = io.DisplaySize.y > 0.0f ? io.DisplaySize.x / io.DisplaySize.y : 1.0f;
+    m_orthophoto.draw(glm::perspective(fovy, aspect, 0.1f, 10000.0f) * view, Camera.Pos, io.DisplaySize.x, io.DisplaySize.y);
+}
+
 editor_terrain *editor_mode::terrain_at(double X, double Z)
 {
     for (auto &terrain : m_terrains)
@@ -1869,6 +2039,8 @@ void editor_mode::enter()
     Global.ControlPicking = true;
     EditorModeFlag = true;
 
+    load_orthophoto_settings();
+
     Application.set_cursor(GLFW_CURSOR_NORMAL);
 }
 
@@ -1882,6 +2054,7 @@ void editor_mode::exit()
     g_redo.clear();
     m_history.clear();
     m_fill_last.clear();
+    m_orthophoto.cancel_pending();
 
     // drop selection so a stale/dangling node pointer isn't used on the next editor session
     m_node = nullptr;
diff --git a/application/editormode.h b/application/editormode.h
index d8dfa979..c251186a 100644
--- a/application/editormode.h
+++ b/application/editormode.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 #include "scene/scenenode.h"
 #include "editor/editorTerrain.hpp"
 #include "editor/editorTerrainStreamer.hpp"
+#include "editor/editorOrthophoto.hpp"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -191,6 +192,16 @@ class editor_mode : public application_mode
 	int m_stream_radius{2};
 	bool m_stream_persist{true}; // save edited chunks to disk and load them back
 
+	// geoportal orthophoto layer drawn under the other viewport overlays
+	void render_orthophoto_ui();
+	void draw_orthophoto();
+	// picks up the stored settings and the origin of the current scenery
+	void load_orthophoto_settings();
+	void save_orthophoto_settings();
+	editor_orthophoto m_orthophoto;
+	std::string m_orthophoto_scenery;            // scenery whose origin is loaded
+	glm::dvec2 m_orthophoto_origin_edit{0.0};    // origin being typed in (northing, easting); applied when editing ends
+
 	// hierarchy management
 	void add_to_hierarchy(scene::basic_node *node);
 	void remove_from_hierarchy(scene::basic_node *node);
diff --git a/editor/editorOrthophoto.cpp b/editor/editorOrthophoto.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74137b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/editor/editorOrthophoto.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+/*
+This Source Code Form is subject to the
+terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
+2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
+distributed with this file, You can
+obtain one at
+http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+*/
+
+#include "stdafx.h"
+#include "editor/editorOrthophoto.hpp"
+
+#include "rendering/renderer.h"
+#include "utilities/Logs.h"
+#include "utilities/utilities.h"
+#include "imgui/imgui.h"
+#include "stb/stb_image.h"
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <winhttp.h>
+#elif defined(EU07_WITH_CURL)
+#include <curl/curl.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace
+{
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+constexpr int standard_pixels{1024}; // ~25 cm/px for a 256 m tile, matches the standard orthophoto
+constexpr int hires_pixels{4096};    // ~6 cm/px, the WMS MaxWidth/MaxHeight of the geoportal services
+constexpr int probe_pixels{64};      // coverage test of the high-resolution product
+constexpr int worker_count{3};       // concurrent requests; the service is slow but shouldn't be hammered
+constexpr std::size_t upload_budget{16u << 20}; // bytes of texture data uploaded per frame (always at least one tile)
+constexpr std::size_t vertex_budget{60000};     // ImGui uses 16-bit indices and not every backend supports vertex offsets
+constexpr float near_w{0.5f};
+
+using stop_check = std::function<bool()>;
+
+double steady_seconds()
+{
+	return std::chrono::duration<double>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// minimal blocking https GET; one instance per worker thread
+
+class http_client
+{
+  public:
+	http_client();
+	~http_client();
+	http_client(http_client const &) = delete;
+	http_client &operator=(http_client const &) = delete;
+
+	bool get(std::string const &Url, std::vector<std::uint8_t> &Out, std::string &Error, stop_check const &Stop);
+
+  private:
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	HINTERNET m_session{nullptr};
+#elif defined(EU07_WITH_CURL)
+	CURL *m_curl{nullptr};
+#endif
+};
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+http_client::http_client()
+{
+	wchar_t const *agent = L"MaSzyna-editor";
+#ifdef WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_AUTOMATIC_PROXY
+	m_session = ::WinHttpOpen(agent, WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_AUTOMATIC_PROXY, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0);
+#endif
+	if (m_session == nullptr) // automatic proxy needs windows 8.1+
+		m_session = ::WinHttpOpen(agent, WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0);
+	if (m_session != nullptr)
+		::WinHttpSetTimeouts(m_session, 10000, 10000, 15000, 20000);
+}
+
+http_client::~http_client()
+{
+	if (m_session != nullptr)
+		::WinHttpCloseHandle(m_session);
+}
+
+bool http_client::get(std::string const &Url, std::vector<std::uint8_t> &Out, std::string &Error, stop_check const &Stop)
+{
+	Out.clear();
+	if (m_session == nullptr)
+	{
+		Error = "WinHttpOpen failed (" + std::to_string(::GetLastError()) + ")";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	std::wstring const url(Url.begin(), Url.end()); // the requests are plain ascii
+	URL_COMPONENTS parts{};
+	parts.dwStructSize = sizeof(parts);
+	parts.dwSchemeLength = static_cast<DWORD>(-1);
+	parts.dwHostNameLength = static_cast<DWORD>(-1);
+	parts.dwUrlPathLength = static_cast<DWORD>(-1);
+	parts.dwExtraInfoLength = static_cast<DWORD>(-1);
+	if (!::WinHttpCrackUrl(url.c_str(), 0, 0, &parts))
+	{
+		Error = "invalid url";
+		return false;
+	}
+	std::wstring const host(parts.lpszHostName, parts.dwHostNameLength);
+	std::wstring const path = std::wstring(parts.lpszUrlPath, parts.dwUrlPathLength) + std::wstring(parts.lpszExtraInfo, parts.dwExtraInfoLength);
+
+	HINTERNET connection = ::WinHttpConnect(m_session, host.c_str(), parts.nPort, 0);
+	HINTERNET request = connection ? ::WinHttpOpenRequest(connection, L"GET", path.c_str(), nullptr, WINHTTP_NO_REFERER, WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES,
+	                                                      parts.nScheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS ? WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE : 0)
+	                               : nullptr;
+	auto const close = [&]() {
+		if (request != nullptr)
+			::WinHttpCloseHandle(request);
+		if (connection != nullptr)
+			::WinHttpCloseHandle(connection);
+	};
+
+	if (request == nullptr || !::WinHttpSendRequest(request, WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0, WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0, 0, 0) || !::WinHttpReceiveResponse(request, nullptr))
+	{
+		Error = "WinHTTP error " + std::to_string(::GetLastError());
+		close();
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	DWORD status{0};
+	DWORD statussize{sizeof(status)};
+	::WinHttpQueryHeaders(request, WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE | WINHTTP_QUERY_FLAG_NUMBER, WINHTTP_HEADER_NAME_BY_INDEX, &status, &statussize, WINHTTP_NO_HEADER_INDEX);
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (Stop())
+		{
+			Error = "cancelled";
+			close();
+			return false;
+		}
+		DWORD available{0};
+		if (!::WinHttpQueryDataAvailable(request, &available))
+		{
+			Error = "WinHTTP error " + std::to_string(::GetLastError());
+			close();
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (available == 0)
+			break;
+		std::size_t const offset = Out.size();
+		Out.resize(offset + available);
+		DWORD received{0};
+		if (!::WinHttpReadData(request, Out.data() + offset, available, &received))
+		{
+			Error = "WinHTTP error " + std::to_string(::GetLastError());
+			close();
+			return false;
+		}
+		Out.resize(offset + received);
+	}
+	close();
+
+	if (status != 200)
+	{
+		Error = "HTTP " + std::to_string(status);
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+#elif defined(EU07_WITH_CURL)
+
+http_client::http_client()
+{
+	static std::once_flag initialized;
+	std::call_once(initialized, []() { ::curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT); });
+	m_curl = ::curl_easy_init();
+}
+
+http_client::~http_client()
+{
+	if (m_curl != nullptr)
+		::curl_easy_cleanup(m_curl);
+}
+
+bool http_client::get(std::string const &Url, std::vector<std::uint8_t> &Out, std::string &Error, stop_check const &Stop)
+{
+	Out.clear();
+	if (m_curl == nullptr)
+	{
+		Error = "curl_easy_init failed";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto const write = +[](char *Data, std::size_t Size, std::size_t Count, void *User) -> std::size_t {
+		auto *out = static_cast<std::vector<std::uint8_t> *>(User);
+		out->insert(out->end(), Data, Data + Size * Count);
+		return Size * Count;
+	};
+	auto const progress = +[](void *User, curl_off_t, curl_off_t, curl_off_t, curl_off_t) -> int { return (*static_cast<stop_check const *>(User))() ? 1 : 0; };
+
+	::curl_easy_reset(m_curl);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_URL, Url.c_str());
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "MaSzyna-editor");
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1L);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 10L);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT, 1L);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME, 20L);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &Out);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION, progress);
+	::curl_easy_setopt(m_curl, CURLOPT_XFERINFODATA, const_cast<stop_check *>(&Stop));
+
+	CURLcode const code = ::curl_easy_perform(m_curl);
+	if (code != CURLE_OK)
+	{
+		Error = ::curl_easy_strerror(code);
+		return false;
+	}
+	long status{0};
+	::curl_easy_getinfo(m_curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &status);
+	if (status != 200)
+	{
+		Error = "HTTP " + std::to_string(status);
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+#else
+
+http_client::http_client() = default;
+http_client::~http_client() = default;
+
+bool http_client::get(std::string const &, std::vector<std::uint8_t> &Out, std::string &Error, stop_check const &)
+{
+	Out.clear();
+	Error = "no http client in this build";
+	return false;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// geoportal requests and the disk cache
+
+struct tile_request
+{
+	int ix{0}; // easting index
+	int iy{0}; // northing index
+	int level{standard_pixels};
+	int year{0};
+	bool hires{false};
+};
+
+struct image
+{
+	int width{0};
+	int height{0};
+	std::vector<std::uint8_t> rgba;
+};
+
+// the archival services return the newest imagery taken up to TIME, but a TIME in the future yields a blank
+// image, so the end of the requested year is clamped to the current month
+std::string time_parameter(int Year)
+{
+	using namespace std::chrono;
+	year_month_day const today{floor<days>(system_clock::now())};
+	int year = Year;
+	unsigned month = 12;
+	int const thisyear = static_cast<int>(today.year());
+	if (year >= thisyear)
+	{
+		year = thisyear;
+		month = static_cast<unsigned>(today.month());
+	}
+	char buffer[32];
+	std::snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%04d-%02u-01", year, month);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string wms_url(tile_request const &Request, bool Hires, int Pixels, bool Png)
+{
+	std::string const service = Hires ? (Request.year ? "HighResolutionTime" : "HighResolution") : (Request.year ? "StandardResolutionTime" : "StandardResolution");
+	std::string const layer = (Hires && Request.year) ? "Image" : "Raster";
+	auto const size = static_cast<long long>(editor_orthophoto::tile_size);
+	long long const minn = Request.iy * size;
+	long long const mine = Request.ix * size;
+
+	std::string url = "https://mapy.geoportal.gov.pl/wss/service/PZGIK/ORTO/WMS/" + service +
+	                  "?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetMap&CRS=EPSG:2180&STYLES=&LAYERS=" + layer;
+	url += Png ? "&FORMAT=image/png&TRANSPARENT=TRUE" : "&FORMAT=image/jpeg";
+	url += "&WIDTH=" + std::to_string(Pixels) + "&HEIGHT=" + std::to_string(Pixels);
+	// WMS 1.3.0 uses the axis order of the CRS, which for EPSG:2180 is northing first
+	url += "&BBOX=" + std::to_string(minn) + "," + std::to_string(mine) + "," + std::to_string(minn + size) + "," + std::to_string(mine + size);
+	if (Request.year)
+		url += "&TIME=" + time_parameter(Request.year);
+	return url;
+}
+
+fs::path cache_root()
+{
+	fs::path root = user_config_path(".cache");
+	if (root.empty())
+		root = ".cache";
+	return root / "geoportal";
+}
+
+fs::path cache_file(tile_request const &Request, bool Hires, std::string const &Suffix)
+{
+	std::string const product = std::string(Hires ? "hr_" : "sr_") + (Request.year ? std::to_string(Request.year) : std::string("latest"));
+	std::string const name = std::to_string(static_cast<int>(editor_orthophoto::tile_size)) + "_" + std::to_string(Request.iy) + "_" + std::to_string(Request.ix) + "_" + Suffix;
+	return cache_root() / product / name;
+}
+
+bool is_image(std::vector<std::uint8_t> const &Data)
+{
+	if (Data.size() >= 3 && Data[0] == 0xFF && Data[1] == 0xD8 && Data[2] == 0xFF)
+		return true; // jpeg
+	return Data.size() >= 4 && Data[0] == 0x89 && Data[1] == 'P' && Data[2] == 'N' && Data[3] == 'G';
+}
+
+bool read_file(fs::path const &Path, std::vector<std::uint8_t> &Out)
+{
+	std::ifstream file(Path, std::ios::binary);
+	if (!file.is_open())
+		return false;
+	Out.assign(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+	return !Out.empty();
+}
+
+void write_file(fs::path const &Path, std::vector<std::uint8_t> const &Data)
+{
+	std::error_code ec;
+	fs::create_directories(Path.parent_path(), ec);
+	// write under a per-thread name and rename, so an interrupted write never leaves a truncated tile behind
+	std::ostringstream suffix;
+	suffix << ".part" << std::this_thread::get_id();
+	fs::path temporary = Path;
+	temporary += suffix.str();
+	{
+		std::ofstream file(temporary, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
+		if (!file.is_open())
+			return;
+		file.write(reinterpret_cast<char const *>(Data.data()), static_cast<std::streamsize>(Data.size()));
+		if (!file)
+		{
+			file.close();
+			fs::remove(temporary, ec);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	fs::rename(temporary, Path, ec);
+	if (ec)
+		fs::remove(temporary, ec);
+}
+
+// cached file if present, otherwise downloads (with a few retries, the service drops connections and answers 404 now and then)
+bool fetch(http_client &Client, std::string const &Url, fs::path const &Path, std::vector<std::uint8_t> &Out, std::string &Error, stop_check const &Stop)
+{
+	if (read_file(Path, Out) && is_image(Out))
+		return true;
+
+	for (int attempt = 0; attempt < 4; ++attempt)
+	{
+		if (Stop())
+		{
+			Error = "cancelled";
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (attempt > 0)
+		{
+			// back off, but stay responsive to shutdown
+			for (int wait = 0; wait < attempt * 5 && !Stop(); ++wait)
+				std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
+		}
+		if (!Client.get(Url, Out, Error, Stop))
+			continue;
+		if (!is_image(Out))
+		{
+			// service exception report (xml) or similar
+			Error = "unexpected response: " + std::string(Out.begin(), Out.begin() + std::min<std::size_t>(Out.size(), 200));
+			continue;
+		}
+		write_file(Path, Out);
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+bool decode(std::vector<std::uint8_t> const &Data, image &Out, std::string &Error)
+{
+	int width{0}, height{0}, components{0};
+	stbi_uc *pixels = stbi_load_from_memory(Data.data(), static_cast<int>(Data.size()), &width, &height, &components, 4);
+	if (pixels == nullptr)
+	{
+		Error = std::string("image decoding failed: ") + stbi_failure_reason();
+		return false;
+	}
+	Out.width = width;
+	Out.height = height;
+	Out.rgba.assign(pixels, pixels + static_cast<std::size_t>(width) * height * 4);
+	stbi_image_free(pixels);
+	return true;
+}
+
+// 2x2 box filter
+void halve(image &Image)
+{
+	int const width = std::max(1, Image.width / 2);
+	int const height = std::max(1, Image.height / 2);
+	std::vector<std::uint8_t> out(static_cast<std::size_t>(width) * height * 4);
+	for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y)
+		for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
+			for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c)
+			{
+				auto const at = [&](int X, int Y) { return static_cast<unsigned>(Image.rgba[(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::min(Y, Image.height - 1)) * Image.width + std::min(X, Image.width - 1)) * 4 + c]); };
+				out[(static_cast<std::size_t>(y) * width + x) * 4 + c] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((at(2 * x, 2 * y) + at(2 * x + 1, 2 * y) + at(2 * x, 2 * y + 1) + at(2 * x + 1, 2 * y + 1) + 2) / 4);
+			}
+	Image.width = width;
+	Image.height = height;
+	Image.rgba = std::move(out);
+}
+
+// areas without imagery come back plain white (jpeg) or fully transparent (png)
+bool is_blank(image const &Image)
+{
+	for (std::size_t i = 0; i + 3 < Image.rgba.size(); i += 4)
+		if (Image.rgba[i + 3] != 0 && (Image.rgba[i] < 250 || Image.rgba[i + 1] < 250 || Image.rgba[i + 2] < 250))
+			return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool load_standard(http_client &Client, tile_request const &Request, image &Out, std::string &Error, stop_check const &Stop)
+{
+	std::vector<std::uint8_t> data;
+	return fetch(Client, wms_url(Request, false, standard_pixels, false), cache_file(Request, false, std::to_string(standard_pixels) + ".jpg"), data, Error, Stop) && decode(data, Out, Error);
+}
+
+// returns false on failure (to be retried later); Empty is set when the place has no imagery
+bool load_tile(http_client &Client, tile_request const &Request, image &Out, bool &Empty, std::string &Error, stop_check const &Stop)
+{
+	Empty = false;
+	if (Request.hires && Request.level >= hires_pixels)
+	{
+		// the high-resolution product covers only parts of the country; a tiny transparent png tells whether this tile is covered
+		std::vector<std::uint8_t> data;
+		image probe;
+		if (!fetch(Client, wms_url(Request, true, probe_pixels, true), cache_file(Request, true, "probe.png"), data, Error, Stop) || !decode(data, probe, Error))
+			return false;
+		std::size_t covered{0};
+		for (std::size_t i = 3; i < probe.rgba.size(); i += 4)
+			covered += (probe.rgba[i] != 0);
+		std::size_t const total = probe.rgba.size() / 4;
+
+		if (covered == total)
+		{
+			return fetch(Client, wms_url(Request, true, hires_pixels, false), cache_file(Request, true, std::to_string(hires_pixels) + ".jpg"), data, Error, Stop) && decode(data, Out, Error);
+		}
+		if (covered > 0)
+		{
+			// edge of the covered area: transparent png, holes filled from the standard imagery
+			if (!fetch(Client, wms_url(Request, true, hires_pixels, true), cache_file(Request, true, std::to_string(hires_pixels) + ".png"), data, Error, Stop) || !decode(data, Out, Error))
+				return false;
+			image standard;
+			std::string ignored;
+			if (load_standard(Client, Request, standard, ignored, Stop) && standard.width > 0 && standard.height > 0)
+			{
+				for (int y = 0; y < Out.height; ++y)
+					for (int x = 0; x < Out.width; ++x)
+					{
+						std::uint8_t *pixel = &Out.rgba[(static_cast<std::size_t>(y) * Out.width + x) * 4];
+						if (pixel[3] == 255)
+							continue;
+						int const sx = std::min(standard.width - 1, x * standard.width / Out.width);
+						int const sy = std::min(standard.height - 1, y * standard.height / Out.height);
+						std::uint8_t const *source = &standard.rgba[(static_cast<std::size_t>(sy) * standard.width + sx) * 4];
+						unsigned const alpha = pixel[3];
+						for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c)
+							pixel[c] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((pixel[c] * alpha + source[c] * (255u - alpha) + 127u) / 255u);
+						pixel[3] = 255;
+					}
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+		// not covered at all: fall back to the standard imagery
+	}
+
+	if (!load_standard(Client, Request, Out, Error, Stop))
+		return false;
+	if (is_blank(Out))
+	{
+		Empty = true;
+		Out = image{};
+		return true;
+	}
+	while (Out.width > Request.level && Out.width > 1)
+		halve(Out);
+	return true;
+}
+
+// the services cover Poland only (EPSG:2180 extent from their capabilities, plus a margin); no point asking about other places
+bool in_service_area(int Ix, int Iy)
+{
+	double const east = (Ix + 0.5) * editor_orthophoto::tile_size;
+	double const north = (Iy + 0.5) * editor_orthophoto::tile_size;
+	return north > 100000.0 && north < 900000.0 && east > 100000.0 && east < 900000.0;
+}
+
+// homogeneous clip-space vertex with texture coordinates
+struct clip_vertex
+{
+	glm::vec4 position;
+	glm::vec2 uv;
+};
+
+// Sutherland-Hodgman against a single clip plane; Distance(v) >= 0 is inside
+template <typename Distance_> int clip_polygon(clip_vertex const *In, int Count, clip_vertex *Out, Distance_ const &Distance)
+{
+	int count{0};
+	for (int i = 0; i < Count; ++i)
+	{
+		clip_vertex const &a = In[i];
+		clip_vertex const &b = In[(i + 1) % Count];
+		float const da = Distance(a.position);
+		float const db = Distance(b.position);
+		if (da >= 0.0f)
+			Out[count++] = a;
+		if ((da >= 0.0f) != (db >= 0.0f))
+		{
+			float const t = da / (da - db);
+			Out[count++] = {glm::mix(a.position, b.position, t), glm::mix(a.uv, b.uv, t)};
+		}
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+editor_orthophoto::~editor_orthophoto()
+{
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+		m_stop = true;
+		m_queue.clear();
+	}
+	m_wakeup.notify_all();
+	for (auto &worker : m_workers)
+		if (worker.joinable())
+			worker.join();
+}
+
+bool editor_orthophoto::can_download()
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(EU07_WITH_CURL)
+	return true;
+#else
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+std::string editor_orthophoto::cache_directory()
+{
+	auto const path = cache_root().u8string();
+	return std::string(path.begin(), path.end());
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::enabled(bool State)
+{
+	if (State == m_enabled)
+		return;
+	m_enabled = State;
+	if (m_enabled)
+	{
+		start_workers();
+		return;
+	}
+	cancel_pending();
+	for (auto &entry : m_tiles)
+		release_tile(entry.second);
+	m_tiles.clear();
+	++m_generation; // results still in flight are now stale
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+	m_done.clear();
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::settings(config const &Config)
+{
+	bool const sourcechanged = (Config.year != m_config.year || Config.hires != m_config.hires);
+	m_config = Config;
+	m_config.radius = std::clamp(m_config.radius, 0, max_radius);
+	m_config.opacity = std::clamp(m_config.opacity, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	if (!sourcechanged)
+		return;
+	cancel_pending();
+	for (auto &entry : m_tiles)
+		release_tile(entry.second);
+	m_tiles.clear();
+	++m_generation;
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::cancel_pending()
+{
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+		m_queue.clear();
+	}
+	// jobs already picked up by a worker still deliver their result, which is accepted if the tile is still wanted
+	for (auto &entry : m_tiles)
+		entry.second.requested = 0;
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::retry_failed()
+{
+	for (auto &entry : m_tiles)
+	{
+		entry.second.failures = 0;
+		entry.second.retry_at = 0.0;
+	}
+}
+
+editor_orthophoto::statistics editor_orthophoto::stats() const
+{
+	statistics out;
+	for (auto const &entry : m_tiles)
+	{
+		tile const &t = entry.second;
+		if (t.level > 0 && !t.empty && t.texture != null_handle)
+			++out.resident;
+		if (t.requested != 0)
+			++out.loading;
+		else if (t.failures > 0 && t.level == 0)
+			++out.failed;
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+int editor_orthophoto::level_for(int Distance, bool Hires)
+{
+	// coarser imagery further away keeps the memory use of large radii in check
+	if (Distance <= 1)
+		return Hires ? hires_pixels : standard_pixels;
+	if (Distance <= 3)
+		return standard_pixels;
+	if (Distance <= 6)
+		return standard_pixels / 2;
+	return standard_pixels / 4;
+}
+
+editor_orthophoto::tile_key editor_orthophoto::camera_tile(glm::dvec3 const &Camera) const
+{
+	double const east = m_config.east - Camera.x;
+	double const north = m_config.north + Camera.z;
+	return {static_cast<int>(std::floor(east / tile_size)), static_cast<int>(std::floor(north / tile_size))};
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::start_workers()
+{
+	if (!m_workers.empty())
+		return;
+	for (int i = 0; i < worker_count; ++i)
+		m_workers.emplace_back(&editor_orthophoto::worker, this);
+}
+
+texture_handle editor_orthophoto::acquire_texture()
+{
+	if (!m_free_textures.empty())
+	{
+		texture_handle const handle = m_free_textures.back();
+		m_free_textures.pop_back();
+		return handle;
+	}
+	// script-style generated texture: no file behind it, the content is supplied through update_from_memory()
+	return GfxRenderer->Fetch_Texture("internal_src:editor_orthophoto_" + std::to_string(m_texture_count++), true);
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::release_tile(tile &Tile)
+{
+	if (Tile.texture == null_handle)
+		return;
+	// shrink to a single texel to give the gpu memory back; the slot is reused by the next tile
+	std::uint8_t const texel[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+	GfxRenderer->Texture(Tile.texture).update_from_memory(1, 1, texel);
+	m_free_textures.push_back(Tile.texture);
+	Tile.texture = null_handle;
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::schedule(tile_key const &Key, tile &Tile, int Level)
+{
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+		m_queue.erase(std::remove_if(m_queue.begin(), m_queue.end(), [&](job const &Job) { return Job.key == Key; }), m_queue.end());
+		m_queue.push_back(job{Key, Level, source{m_config.year, m_config.hires}, m_generation.load()});
+	}
+	Tile.requested = Level;
+	m_wakeup.notify_one();
+}
+
+std::size_t editor_orthophoto::apply(result &Result, double Now)
+{
+	if (Result.generation != m_generation.load())
+		return 0;
+	auto const lookup = m_tiles.find(Result.key);
+	if (lookup == m_tiles.end())
+		return 0; // left the area in the meantime; the imagery stays in the disk cache
+	tile &t = lookup->second;
+	bool const current = (t.requested == Result.level);
+	if (current)
+		t.requested = 0;
+
+	if (!Result.ok)
+	{
+		if (current)
+		{
+			++t.failures;
+			t.retry_at = (t.failures >= 5) ? std::numeric_limits<double>::max() : Now + std::min(120.0, 5.0 * std::pow(2.0, t.failures - 1));
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	t.failures = 0;
+	t.level = Result.level;
+	t.empty = Result.empty;
+	if (Result.empty)
+	{
+		release_tile(t);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (t.texture == null_handle)
+		t.texture = acquire_texture();
+	if (t.texture == null_handle)
+	{
+		t.level = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	GfxRenderer->Texture(t.texture).update_from_memory(Result.width, Result.height, Result.pixels.data());
+	return Result.pixels.size();
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::update(glm::dvec3 const &Camera)
+{
+	double const now = steady_seconds();
+
+	// finished work first, within a per-frame upload budget
+	std::size_t uploaded{0};
+	while (uploaded < upload_budget)
+	{
+		result done;
+		{
+			std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+			if (m_done.empty())
+				break;
+			done = std::move(m_done.front());
+			m_done.pop_front();
+		}
+		if (m_enabled)
+			uploaded += apply(done, now);
+	}
+
+	if (!m_enabled)
+		return;
+
+	tile_key const centre = camera_tile(Camera);
+	if (centre != m_camera_tile)
+	{
+		m_camera_tile = centre;
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+		m_focus = centre;
+	}
+	int const radius = m_config.radius;
+	auto const distance = [&](tile_key const &Key) { return std::max(std::abs(Key.first - centre.first), std::abs(Key.second - centre.second)); };
+
+	// tiles which left the area
+	bool evicted{false};
+	for (auto it = m_tiles.begin(); it != m_tiles.end();)
+	{
+		if (distance(it->first) > radius)
+		{
+			release_tile(it->second);
+			it = m_tiles.erase(it);
+			evicted = true;
+		}
+		else
+			++it;
+	}
+	if (evicted)
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+		m_queue.erase(std::remove_if(m_queue.begin(), m_queue.end(), [&](job const &Job) { return distance(Job.key) > radius; }), m_queue.end());
+	}
+
+	// tiles which need (different) imagery
+	for (int dy = -radius; dy <= radius; ++dy)
+		for (int dx = -radius; dx <= radius; ++dx)
+		{
+			tile_key const key{centre.first + dx, centre.second + dy};
+			tile &t = m_tiles[key];
+			if (!in_service_area(key.first, key.second))
+				t.empty = true;
+			int const level = level_for(std::max(std::abs(dx), std::abs(dy)), m_config.hires);
+			if (t.empty || t.level == level || t.requested == level || now < t.retry_at)
+				continue;
+			schedule(key, t, level);
+		}
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::worker()
+{
+	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load_thread(0); // the texture loader flips globally; tiles keep the north edge in the first row
+	http_client client;
+	stop_check const stopping = [this]() { return m_stop.load(); };
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		job current;
+		{
+			std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+			m_wakeup.wait(lock, [this]() { return m_stop.load() || !m_queue.empty(); });
+			if (m_stop)
+				return;
+			// nearest tile first
+			auto best = m_queue.begin();
+			long long bestdistance = LLONG_MAX;
+			for (auto it = m_queue.begin(); it != m_queue.end(); ++it)
+			{
+				long long const dx = it->key.first - m_focus.first;
+				long long const dy = it->key.second - m_focus.second;
+				long long const d = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+				if (d < bestdistance)
+				{
+					bestdistance = d;
+					best = it;
+				}
+			}
+			current = *best;
+			m_queue.erase(best);
+		}
+
+		result out;
+		out.key = current.key;
+		out.level = current.level;
+		out.generation = current.generation;
+
+		image picture;
+		std::string error;
+		tile_request const request{current.key.first, current.key.second, current.level, current.src.year, current.src.hires};
+		out.ok = load_tile(client, request, picture, out.empty, error, stopping);
+		if (m_stop)
+			return;
+		if (!out.ok)
+			ErrorLog("Editor orthophoto: tile " + std::to_string(current.key.second) + "_" + std::to_string(current.key.first) + " failed: " + error);
+		out.width = picture.width;
+		out.height = picture.height;
+		out.pixels = std::move(picture.rgba);
+
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+		m_done.push_back(std::move(out));
+	}
+}
+
+void editor_orthophoto::draw(glm::mat4 const &ViewProjection, glm::dvec3 const &CameraPos, float ScreenWidth, float ScreenHeight) const
+{
+	if (!m_enabled || m_config.opacity <= 0.0f || ScreenWidth <= 0.0f || ScreenHeight <= 0.0f)
+		return;
+
+	ImDrawList *drawlist = ImGui::GetBackgroundDrawList();
+	ImU32 const color = IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, static_cast<int>(m_config.opacity * 255.0f + 0.5f));
+	auto const tosceen = [&](glm::vec4 const &Clip) { return ImVec2((Clip.x / Clip.w * 0.5f + 0.5f) * ScreenWidth, (0.5f - Clip.y / Clip.w * 0.5f) * ScreenHeight); };
+	// slightly wider than the view so clipped edges never show on screen
+	float constexpr guard{1.02f};
+	auto const outside = [&](glm::vec4 const *Corners) {
+		auto const all = [&](auto const &Test) { return Test(Corners[0]) && Test(Corners[1]) && Test(Corners[2]) && Test(Corners[3]); };
+		return all([](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.w < near_w; }) || all([&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.x > v.w * guard; }) ||
+		       all([&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.x < -v.w * guard; }) || all([&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.y > v.w * guard; }) ||
+		       all([&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.y < -v.w * guard; });
+	};
+
+	double const height = static_cast<double>(m_config.height);
+	for (auto const &entry : m_tiles)
+	{
+		tile const &t = entry.second;
+		if (t.level == 0 || t.empty || t.texture == null_handle)
+			continue;
+		std::size_t const textureid = GfxRenderer->Texture(t.texture).get_id();
+		if (textureid == 0 || textureid == static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(-1)))
+			continue;
+
+		// world extent of the tile; u runs west->east (-x), v runs north->south (-z), matching the image rows
+		double const westx = m_config.east - entry.first.first * tile_size;
+		double const northz = (entry.first.second + 1) * tile_size - m_config.north;
+		auto const relative = [&](double U, double V) { return glm::vec3(glm::dvec3(westx - U * tile_size, height, northz - V * tile_size) - CameraPos); };
+		// the tile is a parallelogram and the projection is linear before the divide, so clip positions interpolate exactly
+		glm::vec4 const c00 = ViewProjection * glm::vec4(relative(0.0, 0.0), 1.0f);
+		glm::vec4 const du = ViewProjection * glm::vec4(relative(1.0, 0.0), 1.0f) - c00;
+		glm::vec4 const dv = ViewProjection * glm::vec4(relative(0.0, 1.0), 1.0f) - c00;
+		glm::vec4 const corners[4] = {c00, c00 + du, c00 + du + dv, c00 + dv};
+		if (outside(corners))
+			continue;
+
+		// ImGui interpolates texture coordinates affinely, so subdivide finer where the camera is close
+		double const nearestx = std::clamp(CameraPos.x, westx - tile_size, westx);
+		double const nearestz = std::clamp(CameraPos.z, northz - tile_size, northz);
+		double const distance = glm::length(glm::dvec3(nearestx, height, nearestz) - CameraPos);
+		double const step = std::clamp(distance * 0.2, 4.0, tile_size);
+		int const segments = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(std::ceil(tile_size / step)), 1, 64);
+		float const segmentsize = 1.0f / static_cast<float>(segments);
+
+		drawlist->PushTextureID(reinterpret_cast<ImTextureID>(textureid));
+		for (int j = 0; j < segments; ++j)
+			for (int i = 0; i < segments; ++i)
+			{
+				if (static_cast<std::size_t>(drawlist->VtxBuffer.Size) + 16 > vertex_budget)
+				{
+					drawlist->PopTextureID();
+					return;
+				}
+				float const u0 = i * segmentsize, u1 = (i + 1) * segmentsize;
+				float const v0 = j * segmentsize, v1 = (j + 1) * segmentsize;
+				clip_vertex quad[4] = {
+				    {c00 + du * u0 + dv * v0, {u0, v0}},
+				    {c00 + du * u1 + dv * v0, {u1, v0}},
+				    {c00 + du * u1 + dv * v1, {u1, v1}},
+				    {c00 + du * u0 + dv * v1, {u0, v1}},
+				};
+				glm::vec4 const positions[4] = {quad[0].position, quad[1].position, quad[2].position, quad[3].position};
+				if (outside(positions))
+					continue;
+
+				// clip against the near plane and the (slightly widened) sides of the view
+				clip_vertex buffer0[12], buffer1[12];
+				int count = clip_polygon(quad, 4, buffer0, [](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.w - near_w; });
+				count = clip_polygon(buffer0, count, buffer1, [&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.w * guard - v.x; });
+				count = clip_polygon(buffer1, count, buffer0, [&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.w * guard + v.x; });
+				count = clip_polygon(buffer0, count, buffer1, [&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.w * guard - v.y; });
+				count = clip_polygon(buffer1, count, buffer0, [&](glm::vec4 const &v) { return v.w * guard + v.y; });
+				if (count < 3)
+					continue;
+
+				drawlist->PrimReserve((count - 2) * 3, count);
+				auto const base = static_cast<ImDrawIdx>(drawlist->_VtxCurrentIdx);
+				for (int k = 1; k + 1 < count; ++k)
+				{
+					drawlist->PrimWriteIdx(base);
+					drawlist->PrimWriteIdx(static_cast<ImDrawIdx>(base + k));
+					drawlist->PrimWriteIdx(static_cast<ImDrawIdx>(base + k + 1));
+				}
+				for (int k = 0; k < count; ++k)
+					drawlist->PrimWriteVtx(tosceen(buffer0[k].position), ImVec2(buffer0[k].uv.x, buffer0[k].uv.y), color);
+			}
+		drawlist->PopTextureID();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/editor/editorOrthophoto.hpp b/editor/editorOrthophoto.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40fdf98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/editor/editorOrthophoto.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+This Source Code Form is subject to the
+terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
+2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
+distributed with this file, You can
+obtain one at
+http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <deque>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include "interfaces/ITexture.h" // texture_handle
+
+// Editor aid: aerial orthophoto tiles from geoportal.gov.pl (GUGiK WMS), drawn as a translucent
+// horizontal layer around the camera.
+//
+// Tiles are aligned to an absolute 256 m grid in PUWG 1992 (EPSG:2180), so the disk cache is shared
+// between sceneries. The scenery is placed on that grid through the PUWG coordinates of its (0,0,0)
+// point; MaSzyna's +Z points north and +X points west, hence easting = E0 - x, northing = N0 + z.
+//
+// Downloading, cache I/O and image decoding run on worker threads; the main thread only uploads
+// finished images (a bounded amount per frame) and emits the overlay geometry. The overlay goes into
+// the ImGui background draw list, like the other editor viewport overlays, so it works with every
+// renderer backend, but it isn't depth-tested against the scene.
+class editor_orthophoto
+{
+  public:
+	struct config
+	{
+		double north{0.0};      // PUWG 1992 X (northing) of the scenery origin
+		double east{0.0};       // PUWG 1992 Y (easting) of the scenery origin
+		int radius{2};          // tiles loaded around the camera tile (Chebyshev distance)
+		float height{0.0f};     // world Y of the layer
+		float opacity{0.6f};    // 0..1
+		int year{0};            // 0 = newest available imagery, otherwise newest imagery taken up to the end of that year
+		bool hires{false};      // 4096 px tiles from the high-resolution product next to the camera, where it exists
+	};
+
+	struct statistics
+	{
+		int resident{0}; // tiles with imagery on screen
+		int loading{0};  // tiles waiting for or being processed by a worker
+		int failed{0};   // tiles whose last attempt failed
+	};
+
+	static constexpr double tile_size{256.0}; // metres per tile side
+	static constexpr int max_radius{10};
+	static constexpr int oldest_year{1995}; // first year offered by the archival service
+
+	editor_orthophoto() = default;
+	~editor_orthophoto();
+	editor_orthophoto(editor_orthophoto const &) = delete;
+	editor_orthophoto &operator=(editor_orthophoto const &) = delete;
+
+	bool enabled() const { return m_enabled; }
+	// disabling drops the queue and returns the gpu memory of the resident tiles
+	void enabled(bool State);
+	config const &settings() const { return m_config; }
+	// changes of year / resolution invalidate resident tiles, the rest applies immediately
+	void settings(config const &Config);
+
+	// main thread, once per frame: schedules tiles around the camera and uploads finished ones
+	void update(glm::dvec3 const &Camera);
+	// main thread, inside an ImGui frame: emits the overlay into the background draw list.
+	// ViewProjection must map camera-relative world positions (world - CameraPos) to clip space.
+	void draw(glm::mat4 const &ViewProjection, glm::dvec3 const &CameraPos, float ScreenWidth, float ScreenHeight) const;
+	// forgets pending (not yet started) downloads, e.g. when the editor is left
+	void cancel_pending();
+	// clears failure state so failed tiles are attempted again
+	void retry_failed();
+
+	statistics stats() const;
+	// false when the build has no http client; cached tiles are still shown
+	static bool can_download();
+	static std::string cache_directory();
+
+  private:
+	using tile_key = std::pair<int, int>; // (easting index, northing index) on the PUWG tile grid
+
+	struct source
+	{
+		int year{0};
+		bool hires{false};
+	};
+
+	struct job
+	{
+		tile_key key;
+		int level{0}; // requested texture size in pixels
+		source src;
+		std::uint32_t generation{0};
+	};
+
+	struct result
+	{
+		tile_key key;
+		int level{0};
+		std::uint32_t generation{0};
+		bool ok{false};
+		bool empty{false}; // no imagery for this place/year: nothing to draw
+		int width{0};
+		int height{0};
+		std::vector<std::uint8_t> pixels; // RGBA8, first row = north edge
+	};
+
+	struct tile
+	{
+		texture_handle texture{null_handle};
+		int level{0};     // size of the imagery currently held (0 = nothing yet)
+		int requested{0}; // level of the job scheduled for this tile (0 = none)
+		bool empty{false};
+		int failures{0};
+		double retry_at{0.0}; // steady clock seconds
+	};
+
+	static int level_for(int Distance, bool Hires);
+	tile_key camera_tile(glm::dvec3 const &Camera) const;
+	void schedule(tile_key const &Key, tile &Tile, int Level);
+	std::size_t apply(result &Result, double Now); // returns bytes uploaded
+	void release_tile(tile &Tile);
+	texture_handle acquire_texture();
+	void start_workers();
+	void worker();
+
+	config m_config;
+	bool m_enabled{false};
+	std::map<tile_key, tile> m_tiles; // main thread only
+	tile_key m_camera_tile{0, 0};
+	std::vector<texture_handle> m_free_textures; // pool of texture slots, reused between tiles
+	int m_texture_count{0};
+
+	// shared with the workers, guarded by m_mutex
+	mutable std::mutex m_mutex;
+	std::condition_variable m_wakeup;
+	std::deque<job> m_queue;
+	std::deque<result> m_done;
+	tile_key m_focus{0, 0}; // workers pick the queued tile closest to it
+
+	std::atomic<bool> m_stop{false};
+	std::atomic<std::uint32_t> m_generation{1};
+	std::vector<std::thread> m_workers;
+};
diff --git a/editor/editorSettings.cpp b/editor/editorSettings.cpp
index 86214d6b..3f7956e2 100644
--- a/editor/editorSettings.cpp
+++ b/editor/editorSettings.cpp
@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 #include "utilities/Logs.h"
 #include "utilities/utilities.h"
 
+#include <cctype>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <fstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <locale>
+#include <sstream>
 
 editorSettings EditorSettings;
 
@@ -32,6 +36,28 @@ const char *scheme_to_string(editorSettings::movement_scheme scheme)
 {
 	return scheme == editorSettings::movement_scheme::legacy ? "legacy" : "wsad";
 }
+
+// numbers are stored locale-independent
+template <typename Type_> void parse(std::string const &Text, Type_ &Out)
+{
+	std::istringstream stream(Text);
+	stream.imbue(std::locale::classic());
+	Type_ value;
+	if (stream >> value)
+		Out = value;
+}
+
+const std::string origin_prefix{"ortho_origin@"};
+
+// settings are whitespace separated key/value pairs, so the scenery name used in the key can't contain spaces
+std::string origin_key(std::string const &Scenery)
+{
+	std::string key = origin_prefix + Scenery;
+	for (char &c : key)
+		if (std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)))
+			c = '_';
+	return key;
+}
 }
 
 bool editorSettings::load()
@@ -50,6 +76,27 @@ bool editorSettings::load()
 	{
 		if (key == "movement_scheme")
 			m_movement = (value == "legacy") ? movement_scheme::legacy : movement_scheme::wsad;
+		else if (key == "ortho_radius")
+			parse(value, m_orthophoto.radius);
+		else if (key == "ortho_height")
+			parse(value, m_orthophoto.height);
+		else if (key == "ortho_opacity")
+			parse(value, m_orthophoto.opacity);
+		else if (key == "ortho_year")
+			parse(value, m_orthophoto.year);
+		else if (key == "ortho_4k")
+			m_orthophoto.hires = (value == "1");
+		else if (key.rfind(origin_prefix, 0) == 0)
+		{
+			// northing;easting
+			auto const separator = value.find(';');
+			if (separator == std::string::npos)
+				continue;
+			double north{0.0}, east{0.0};
+			parse(value.substr(0, separator), north);
+			parse(value.substr(separator + 1), east);
+			m_orthophoto_origins[key] = {north, east};
+		}
 	}
 	return true;
 }
@@ -67,6 +114,30 @@ bool editorSettings::save()
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	stream.imbue(std::locale::classic());
 	stream << "movement_scheme " << scheme_to_string(m_movement) << "\n";
+	stream << "ortho_radius " << m_orthophoto.radius << "\n";
+	stream << "ortho_height " << m_orthophoto.height << "\n";
+	stream << "ortho_opacity " << m_orthophoto.opacity << "\n";
+	stream << "ortho_year " << m_orthophoto.year << "\n";
+	stream << "ortho_4k " << (m_orthophoto.hires ? 1 : 0) << "\n";
+	stream << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3);
+	for (auto const &origin : m_orthophoto_origins)
+		stream << origin.first << " " << origin.second.first << ";" << origin.second.second << "\n";
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool editorSettings::orthophoto_origin(std::string const &Scenery, double &North, double &East) const
+{
+	auto const lookup = m_orthophoto_origins.find(origin_key(Scenery));
+	if (lookup == m_orthophoto_origins.end())
+		return false;
+	North = lookup->second.first;
+	East = lookup->second.second;
+	return true;
+}
+
+void editorSettings::orthophoto_origin(std::string const &Scenery, double North, double East)
+{
+	m_orthophoto_origins[origin_key(Scenery)] = {North, East};
+}
diff --git a/editor/editorSettings.hpp b/editor/editorSettings.hpp
index 4ed09444..122a6f04 100644
--- a/editor/editorSettings.hpp
+++ b/editor/editorSettings.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
 class editorSettings
 {
 public:
@@ -18,8 +22,24 @@ public:
 	movement_scheme movement() const { return m_movement; }
 	void movement(movement_scheme scheme) { m_movement = scheme; }
 
+	// geoportal orthophoto layer (editor_orthophoto); the origin is kept per scenery
+	struct orthophoto_settings
+	{
+		int radius{2};
+		float height{0.0f};
+		float opacity{0.6f};
+		int year{0};
+		bool hires{false};
+	};
+	orthophoto_settings &orthophoto() { return m_orthophoto; }
+	// PUWG 1992 northing/easting of the scenery's (0,0,0) point; false when none was stored
+	bool orthophoto_origin(std::string const &Scenery, double &North, double &East) const;
+	void orthophoto_origin(std::string const &Scenery, double North, double East);
+
 private:
 	movement_scheme m_movement{movement_scheme::wsad};
+	orthophoto_settings m_orthophoto;
+	std::map<std::string, std::pair<double, double>> m_orthophoto_origins;
 };
 
 // global editor settings instance