diff --git a/AnimModel.cpp b/AnimModel.cpp
index 30e60194..038aeaa0 100644
--- a/AnimModel.cpp
+++ b/AnimModel.cpp
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ void TAnimModel::AnimationVND(void *pData, double a, double b, double c, double
           if (0) //jeśli włączone sortowanie plików VMD (trochę się przeciąga)
            if (pAdvanced->SortByBone()) //próba posortowania
            {//zapisać posortowany plik, jeśli dokonano zmian
-            TFileStream *fs=new TFileStream("models\\1.vmd",fmCreate);
+            TFileStream *fs=new TFileStream("models/1.vmd",fmCreate);
             fs->Write(pData,2198342); //2948728);
             delete fs;
            }
diff --git a/DynObj.cpp b/DynObj.cpp
index e7b9d2d8..ec0afdaf 100644
--- a/DynObj.cpp
+++ b/DynObj.cpp
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ TDynamicObject::Init(std::string Name, // nazwa pojazdu, np. "EU07-424"
                      )
 { // Ustawienie początkowe pojazdu
     iDirection = (Reversed ? 0 : 1); // Ra: 0, jeśli ma być wstawiony jako obrócony tyłem
-    asBaseDir = "dynamic\\" + BaseDir + "\\"; // McZapkie-310302
+    asBaseDir = "dynamic/" + BaseDir + "/"; // McZapkie-310302
     asName = Name;
     std::string asAnimName = ""; // zmienna robocza do wyszukiwania osi i wózków
     // Ra: zmieniamy znaczenie obsady na jednoliterowe, żeby dosadzić kierownika
@@ -1770,9 +1770,9 @@ TDynamicObject::Init(std::string Name, // nazwa pojazdu, np. "EU07-424"
     if (!MoverParameters->LoadFIZ(asBaseDir))
     { // jak wczytanie CHK się nie uda, to błąd
         if (ConversionError == 666)
-            ErrorLog( "Bad vehicle: failed do locate definition file \"" + BaseDir + "\\" + Type_Name + ".fiz" + "\"" );
+            ErrorLog( "Bad vehicle: failed do locate definition file \"" + BaseDir + "/" + Type_Name + ".fiz" + "\"" );
         else {
-            ErrorLog( "Bad vehicle: failed to load definition from file \"" + BaseDir + "\\" + Type_Name + ".fiz\" (error " + to_string( ConversionError ) + ")" );
+            ErrorLog( "Bad vehicle: failed to load definition from file \"" + BaseDir + "/" + Type_Name + ".fiz\" (error " + to_string( ConversionError ) + ")" );
         }
         return 0.0; // zerowa długość to brak pojazdu
     }
@@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@ TDynamicObject::Init(std::string Name, // nazwa pojazdu, np. "EU07-424"
             (fVel > 0 ? 1 : -1) * Cab *
                 (iDirection ? 1 : -1))) // jak jedzie lub obsadzony to gotowy do drogi
     {
-        Error("Parameters mismatch: dynamic object " + asName + " from\n" + BaseDir + "\\" +
+        Error("Parameters mismatch: dynamic object " + asName + " from\n" + BaseDir + "/" +
               Type_Name);
         return 0.0; // zerowa długość to brak pojazdu
     }
@@ -4142,6 +4142,7 @@ void TDynamicObject::LoadMMediaFile( std::string BaseDir, std::string TypeName,
             m_materialdata.multi_textures = 0; // czy jest wiele tekstur wymiennych?
 			parser.getTokens();
 			parser >> asModel;
+			std::replace(asModel.begin(), asModel.end(), '\\', '/');
             if( asModel[asModel.size() - 1] == '#' ) // Ra 2015-01: nie podoba mi siê to
             { // model wymaga wielu tekstur wymiennych
                 m_materialdata.multi_textures = 1;
@@ -4176,6 +4177,7 @@ void TDynamicObject::LoadMMediaFile( std::string BaseDir, std::string TypeName,
                         std::string texturename; nameparser >> texturename;
                         while( ( texturename != "" ) && ( skinindex < 4 ) ) {
                             erase_extension( texturename );
+							std::replace(texturename.begin(), texturename.end(), '\\', '/');
                             m_materialdata.replacable_skins[ skinindex + 1 ] = GfxRenderer.Fetch_Material( Global.asCurrentTexturePath + texturename );
                             ++skinindex;
                             texturename = ""; nameparser >> texturename;
@@ -4355,6 +4357,7 @@ void TDynamicObject::LoadMMediaFile( std::string BaseDir, std::string TypeName,
 					// ABu: wnetrze lowpoly
 					parser.getTokens();
 					parser >> asModel;
+					std::replace(asModel.begin(), asModel.end(), '\\', '/');
                     asModel = BaseDir + asModel; // McZapkie-200702 - dynamics maja swoje modele w dynamic/basedir
                     Global.asCurrentTexturePath = BaseDir; // biezaca sciezka do tekstur to dynamic/...
                     mdLowPolyInt = TModelsManager::GetModel(asModel, true);
diff --git a/EU07.cpp b/EU07.cpp
index 146c430d..d7c44308 100644
--- a/EU07.cpp
+++ b/EU07.cpp
@@ -270,7 +270,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 				Global.iConvertModels = -7; // z optymalizacją, bananami i prawidłowym Opacity
 		}
 		else if (i + 1 < argc && token == "-s")
+		{
 			Global.SceneryFile = std::string(argv[++i]);
+			std::replace(Global.SceneryFile.begin(), Global.SceneryFile.end(), '\\', '/');
+		}
 		else if (i + 1 < argc && token == "-v")
 		{
 			std::string v(argv[++i]);
diff --git a/McZapkie/Mover.cpp b/McZapkie/Mover.cpp
index dfd0cde3..e5ebe9ba 100644
--- a/McZapkie/Mover.cpp
+++ b/McZapkie/Mover.cpp
@@ -6707,7 +6707,6 @@ bool TMoverParameters::LoadFIZ(std::string chkpath)
 
     WriteLog("LOAD FIZ FROM " + file);
 
-	std::replace(file.begin(), file.end(), '\\', '/');
     std::ifstream in(file);
 	if (!in.is_open())
 	{
diff --git a/MdlMngr.cpp b/MdlMngr.cpp
index ca9f1e43..6e15b478 100644
--- a/MdlMngr.cpp
+++ b/MdlMngr.cpp
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ TModelsManager::GetModel(std::string const &Name, bool const Dynamic)
     // - wczytanie modelu animowanego - Init() - sprawdzić
     std::string const buftp { Global.asCurrentTexturePath }; // zapamiętanie aktualnej ścieżki do tekstur,
     std::string filename { Name };
+	if (Name.find('\\') != std::string::npos)
+	{
+		ErrorLog("internal error: backslash in GetModel: " + Name);
+	}
     if( Name.find( '/' ) != std::string::npos ) {
         // pobieranie tekstur z katalogu, w którym jest model
         Global.asCurrentTexturePath += Name;
diff --git a/Model3d.cpp b/Model3d.cpp
index 7fe237c3..36129b6f 100644
--- a/Model3d.cpp
+++ b/Model3d.cpp
@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@ int TSubModel::Load( cParser &parser, TModel3d *Model, /*int Pos,*/ bool dynamic
         if (!parser.expectToken("map:"))
             Error("Model map parse failure!");
         std::string material = parser.getToken<std::string>();
+		std::replace(material.begin(), material.end(), '\\', '/');
         if (material == "none")
         { // rysowanie podanym kolorem
             m_material = null_handle;
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ int TSubModel::Load( cParser &parser, TModel3d *Model, /*int Pos,*/ bool dynamic
         else
         { // jeśli tylko nazwa pliku, to dawać bieżącą ścieżkę do tekstur
             Name_Material(material);
-            if( material.find_first_of( "/\\" ) == material.npos ) {
+            if( material.find_first_of( "/" ) == material.npos ) {
                 material.insert( 0, Global.asCurrentTexturePath );
             }
             m_material = GfxRenderer.Fetch_Material( material );
@@ -1233,7 +1234,6 @@ bool TModel3d::LoadFromFile(std::string const &FileName, bool dynamic)
 {
     // wczytanie modelu z pliku
     std::string name = ToLower(FileName);
-	std::replace(name.begin(), name.end(), '\\', '/');
     // trim extension if needed
     if( name.rfind( '.' ) != std::string::npos )
     {
@@ -1597,7 +1597,11 @@ void TModel3d::deserialize(std::istream &s, size_t size, bool dynamic)
 			if (Textures.size())
 				throw std::runtime_error("e3d: duplicated TEX chunk");
 			while (s.tellg() < end)
-				Textures.push_back(sn_utils::d_str(s));
+			{
+				std::string str = sn_utils::d_str(s);
+				std::replace(str.begin(), str.end(), '\\', '/');
+				Textures.push_back(str);
+			}
 		}
 		else if (type == MAKE_ID4('N', 'A', 'M', '0'))
 		{
@@ -1664,7 +1668,7 @@ void TSubModel::BinInit(TSubModel *s, float4x4 *m, std::vector<std::string> *t,
         auto const materialindex = static_cast<std::size_t>( iTexture );
         if( materialindex < t->size() ) {
             m_materialname = t->at( materialindex );
-            if( m_materialname.find_last_of( "/\\" ) == std::string::npos ) {
+            if( m_materialname.find_last_of( "/" ) == std::string::npos ) {
                 m_materialname = Global.asCurrentTexturePath + m_materialname;
             }
             m_material = GfxRenderer.Fetch_Material( m_materialname );
@@ -1749,7 +1753,7 @@ void TModel3d::LoadFromTextFile(std::string const &FileName, bool dynamic)
 { // wczytanie submodelu z pliku tekstowego
     WriteLog( "Loading text format 3d model data from \"" + FileName + "\"...", logtype::model );
 	iFlags |= 0x0200; // wczytano z pliku tekstowego (właścicielami tablic są submodle)
-	cParser parser(FileName, cParser::buffer_FILE); // Ra: tu powinno być "models\\"...
+	cParser parser(FileName, cParser::buffer_FILE); // Ra: tu powinno być "models/"...
 	TSubModel *SubModel;
 	std::string token = parser.getToken<std::string>();
 	iNumVerts = 0; // w konstruktorze to jest
diff --git a/PyInt.cpp b/PyInt.cpp
index e426af9f..ddc7ca0f 100644
--- a/PyInt.cpp
+++ b/PyInt.cpp
@@ -479,7 +479,6 @@ void TPythonScreens::update()
 void TPythonScreens::setLookupPath(std::string const &path)
 {
 	_lookupPath = path;
-	std::replace(_lookupPath.begin(), _lookupPath.end(), '\\', '/');
 }
 
 TPythonScreens::TPythonScreens()
@@ -591,4 +590,4 @@ void TPythonScreens::_freeTrainState()
         Py_CLEAR(_trainState);
         _trainState = NULL;
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/Texture.cpp b/Texture.cpp
index 87d2d4fa..f1d07a70 100644
--- a/Texture.cpp
+++ b/Texture.cpp
@@ -817,10 +817,6 @@ texture_manager::create( std::string Filename, bool const Loadnow ) {
     }
 
     erase_extension( Filename );
-    // change slashes to cross-platform
-    std::replace(
-        std::begin( Filename ), std::end( Filename ),
-        '\\', '/' );
 
     std::vector<std::string> extensions{ { ".dds" }, { ".tga" }, { ".png" }, { ".bmp" }, { ".ext" } };
 
diff --git a/Train.cpp b/Train.cpp
index 1b96ecaf..3ac53027 100644
--- a/Train.cpp
+++ b/Train.cpp
@@ -5586,6 +5586,7 @@ bool TTrain::InitializeCab(int NewCabNo, std::string const &asFileName)
                 // model kabiny
                 parser->getTokens();
                 *parser >> token;
+				std::replace(token.begin(), token.end(), '\\', '/');
                 if (token != "none")
                 {
                     // bieżąca sciezka do tekstur to dynamic/...
diff --git a/World.cpp b/World.cpp
index 4b174434..acb8d30f 100644
--- a/World.cpp
+++ b/World.cpp
@@ -1982,7 +1982,7 @@ void TWorld::CreateE3D(std::string const &Path, bool Dynamic)
 			// launch recursive search for sub-directories...
 			if( filename == "." ) { continue; }
 			if( filename == ".." ) { continue; }
-			CreateE3D( Path + filename + "\\", Dynamic );
+			CreateE3D( Path + filename + "/", Dynamic );
 		}
 		else {
             // process the file
diff --git a/audio.cpp b/audio.cpp
index 3d69c867..aebdd88c 100644
--- a/audio.cpp
+++ b/audio.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ openal_buffer::openal_buffer( std::string const &Filename ) :
 	si.format = 0;
 
 	std::string file = Filename;
-	std::replace(file.begin(), file.end(), '\\', '/');
 
 	WriteLog("sound: loading file: " + file);
 
@@ -105,10 +104,6 @@ buffer_manager::create( std::string const &Filename ) {
     auto filename { ToLower( Filename ) };
 
     erase_extension( filename );
-    // convert slashes
-    std::replace(
-        std::begin( filename ), std::end( filename ),
-        '\\', '/' );
 
     audio::buffer_handle lookup { null_handle };
     std::string filelookup;
diff --git a/material.cpp b/material.cpp
index d9badc04..d5695552 100644
--- a/material.cpp
+++ b/material.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 std::string path( std::string const &Filename )
 {
 	std::string fn = Filename;
-	std::replace(fn.begin(), fn.end(), '\\', '/');
     return (
         fn.rfind( '/' ) != std::string::npos ?
             fn.substr( 0, fn.rfind( '/' ) + 1 ) :
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ opengl_material::deserialize_mapping( cParser &Input, int const Priority, bool c
 
     if( ( true == key.empty() ) || ( key == "}" ) ) { return false; }
 
-    auto const value { Input.getToken<std::string>( true, "\n\r\t ,;" ) };
+    auto value { Input.getToken<std::string>( true, "\n\r\t ,;" ) };
 
     if( Priority != -1 ) {
         // regular attribute processing mode
@@ -69,6 +68,7 @@ opengl_material::deserialize_mapping( cParser &Input, int const Priority, bool c
         else if( key == "texture1:" ) {
             if( ( texture1 == null_handle )
              || ( Priority > priority1 ) ) {
+				std::replace(value.begin(), value.end(), '\\', '/');
                 texture1 = GfxRenderer.Fetch_Texture( value, Loadnow );
                 priority1 = Priority;
             }
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ opengl_material::deserialize_mapping( cParser &Input, int const Priority, bool c
         else if( key == "texture2:" ) {
             if( ( texture2 == null_handle )
              || ( Priority > priority2 ) ) {
+				std::replace(value.begin(), value.end(), '\\', '/');
                 texture2 = GfxRenderer.Fetch_Texture( value, Loadnow );
                 priority2 = Priority;
             }
@@ -116,11 +117,6 @@ material_manager::create( std::string const &Filename, bool const Loadnow ) {
     erase_extension( filename );
     filename += ".mat";
 
-    // change slashes to llinux-compatible
-    std::replace(
-        std::begin( filename ), std::end( filename ),
-        '\\', '/' );
-
     // try to locate requested material in the databank
     auto const databanklookup = find_in_databank( filename );
     if( databanklookup != null_handle ) {
diff --git a/mtable.cpp b/mtable.cpp
index 54aeb8f5..7a510e21 100644
--- a/mtable.cpp
+++ b/mtable.cpp
@@ -242,7 +242,6 @@ bool TTrainParameters::LoadTTfile(std::string scnpath, int iPlus, double vmax)
         ConversionError = 666;
         vActual = -1;
         s = scnpath + TrainName + ".txt";
-		std::replace(s.begin(), s.end(), '\\', '/');
         // Ra 2014-09: ustalić zasady wyznaczenia pierwotnego pliku przy przesuniętych rozkładach
         // (kolejny pociąg dostaje numer +2)
         fin.open(s.c_str()); // otwieranie pliku
diff --git a/parser.cpp b/parser.cpp
index cf137646..18a137de 100644
--- a/parser.cpp
+++ b/parser.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ cParser::cParser( std::string const &Stream, buffertype const Type, std::string
     switch (Type) {
         case buffer_FILE: {
             Path.append( Stream );
-			std::replace(Path.begin(), Path.end(), '\\', '/');
             mStream = std::make_shared<std::ifstream>( Path );
             break;
         }
@@ -216,6 +215,7 @@ std::string cParser::readToken( bool ToLower, const char *Break ) {
         // launch child parser if include directive found.
         // NOTE: parameter collecting uses default set of token separators.
         std::string includefile = readToken(ToLower); // nazwa pliku
+		std::replace(includefile.begin(), includefile.end(), '\\', '/');
         if( ( true == LoadTraction )
          || ( ( includefile.find( "tr/" ) == std::string::npos )
            && ( includefile.find( "tra/" ) == std::string::npos ) ) ) {
diff --git a/simulation.cpp b/simulation.cpp
index 765dfe9f..a3a5216e 100644
--- a/simulation.cpp
+++ b/simulation.cpp
@@ -734,9 +734,14 @@ state_manager::deserialize_dynamic( cParser &Input, scene::scratch_data &Scratch
     }
     auto const inputline { Input.Line() }; // cache in case of errors
     // basic attributes
-    auto const datafolder { Input.getToken<std::string>() };
-    auto const skinfile { Input.getToken<std::string>() };
-    auto const mmdfile { Input.getToken<std::string>() };
+    auto datafolder { Input.getToken<std::string>() };
+    auto skinfile { Input.getToken<std::string>() };
+    auto mmdfile { Input.getToken<std::string>() };
+
+	std::replace(datafolder.begin(), datafolder.end(), '\\', '/');
+	std::replace(skinfile.begin(), skinfile.end(), '\\', '/');
+	std::replace(mmdfile.begin(), mmdfile.end(), '\\', '/');
+
     auto const pathname = (
         Scratchpad.trainset.is_open ?
             Scratchpad.trainset.track :
diff --git a/sound.cpp b/sound.cpp
index bd4bbc58..8ead2247 100644
--- a/sound.cpp
+++ b/sound.cpp
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ std::string
 sound_source::deserialize_filename( cParser &Input ) {
 
     auto token { Input.getToken<std::string>( true, "\n\r\t ,;" ) };
+	std::replace(token.begin(), token.end(), '\\', '/');
     if( token != "[" ) {
         // simple case, single file
         return token;
diff --git a/stars.cpp b/stars.cpp
index 9fbdb3ce..b6c8cfd1 100644
--- a/stars.cpp
+++ b/stars.cpp
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
 void
 cStars::init() {
 
-    m_stars = TModelsManager::GetModel( "models\\skydome_stars.t3d", false );
+    m_stars = TModelsManager::GetModel( "models/skydome_stars.t3d", false );
 }
diff --git a/utilities.cpp b/utilities.cpp
index 498feadd..07289e62 100644
--- a/utilities.cpp
+++ b/utilities.cpp
@@ -304,9 +304,7 @@ extract_value( bool &Variable, std::string const &Key, std::string const &Input,
 }
 
 bool FileExists( std::string const &Filename ) {
-	std::string fn = Filename;
-	std::replace(fn.begin(), fn.end(), '\\', '/');
-	std::ifstream file( fn );
+	std::ifstream file( Filename );
     return( true == file.is_open() );
 }
 
@@ -314,7 +312,6 @@ bool FileExists( std::string const &Filename ) {
 std::time_t
 last_modified( std::string const &Filename ) {
     std::string fn = Filename;
-    std::replace(fn.begin(), fn.end(), '\\', '/');
     struct stat filestat;
     if( ::stat( fn.c_str(), &filestat ) == 0 )
 		return filestat.st_mtime;